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Spike, William, and Social Mobility [Asking for help on my media class 'Buffy' project] -- Rob, 18:25:36 10/16/03 Thu

I have begun working on my semester-long media project on Buffy, postmodernism, and the middle class for a college course, and I have reached a point that I would like a little help sussing out. Ponygirl suggested that I can use Spike as an example of social mobility, in his change from William to Spike...but I'm having a few problems here. Firstly, would William be considered an aristocrat, upper middle class, or middle class? And, further, would the Spike persona be considered lower middle class or lower class?

Rob

Replies:

[> Re: Spike, William, and Social Mobility [Asking for help on my media class 'Buffy' project] -- frisby, 04:06:01 10/23/03 Thu

I think William would not be royalty or nobility, and not of the yeoman or peasant class either, but the gentry. Spike of course would be from the lowest, or the highest, depending on the perspective of the one making the judgment. In Plato's ladder of lives (see Phaedrus) the poet is not very high up but is in fact down with the sophist and tyrant. Nietzsche on the other hand would class the philosophers themselves as but a special type of poet (subset of artists, subset of musicians). The William/Spike we have today is of course a champion.

[> Re: Spike, William, and Social Mobility [Asking for help on my media class 'Buffy' project] -- s'kat, 23:17:51 10/19/03 Sun

Ponygirl suggested that I can use Spike as an example of social mobility, in his change from William to Spike...but I'm having a few problems here. Firstly, would William be considered an aristocrat, upper middle class, or middle class? And, further, would the Spike persona be considered lower middle class or lower class?

Not sure this adds anything to what has been said above or merely restates it, since I can't read all the posts.
Hopefully it will help a little.

From what I've learned in a mixture of life experience, business courses, history courses, and literature - there are three ways that class may be determined:

1. by birth - you are born in a specific class. If you are born into the aristocratic class, ie. Royalty, a Baron, a Duke in the case of England - or in the US - the child of a celebrity, a President, a Congressman, or Vanderbuilt, Rockerfeller...than it doesn't matter if you work or make a cent - you are part of the upper class. Your connections are the wealthy. In some cases, you'll have inherited wealth. In others - you have the contacts. "Good breeding is everything" - is attributable to class by birth.

2. by marriage - you marry into a class. Say for instance your parents were paupers but your husband or wife (usually husband) is from the upperclasses? Then you can rise up that way.

3. by money - this can be inherited wealth or hard-earned cash. In 18th Century - hard-earned cash were the merchant class. I'm not sure this was the case in the 19th century.
In modern times - this is the self-made man. Or "new wealth". New Wealth isn't always accepted in the "upper-class"


According to Buffy Magazine #8 - William was of the upper middle class or at least that's what the set designers believed. The set designers mention that they decided to create a Victorian town-house that was fairly wealthy but not luxorious to indicate that William came from the upper middle class not the aristocracy - he would have had a house not a town-house. Not the middle class - he'd have lived in a flat. They also stuffed it with rich items, befitting the wealthy at that time or rather well to do.
Re-watch LMPTM to get a better picture. I think that episode tells us better than any other which class he was supposed to be in.

Why does William change to Spike? If you're patient, they'll tell you in November. Until then all we have to go on is Darla, ATS S2, Fool for Love BTVS S5, and LMPTM BTVS S7. In those episodes it appears William looks down on his class - sees it as namby-pamby or "nancy-boy" possibly because of how he viewed himself within it. We all deal with rejection differently. I know when my brother was in school - he took on the leather jacket and played the bad boy/poor boy slacker role to fit in with the group of people he liked and rejected the group who hurt him. He used slang and he did naughty things. He's since grown out of that role and owns his own business, has an apt, is building a vacation home, and has his first child on the way. But as a young man - he played that slacker role.
A better example actually might be Alec in A ClockWork Orange - who takes on a different language than his parents and wears bad boy garments denoting rebellion. Note who Spike's vampire parental figures are? Darla and Angel. How are they dressed? Like aristocrats. Spike may in his attitude and appearance be asserting a sense of independence and rebellion from Angelus. Another possibility is he is rebelling against his human roots. But since Spike clearly does not change his speech pattern and behavior until a while after he's been with Angelus, I think it had more to do with Angel and less to do with the fops.

Hope that helped.
sk

[> [> Future spoiler in above post! -- LittleBit, 10:42:04 10/20/03 Mon

I really didn't want to know anything about what happens in Novenmber.

[> [> [> Oops! Sorry about the typo!!! ;-) -- LittleBit (posting in haste!!), 10:46:48 10/20/03 Mon


[> [> [> to be fair, the spoiler is very vague -- anom, responding posthaste, 10:56:50 10/20/03 Mon

It just says that there will be more info about a certain question, not what that info will be. So decide for yourselves how much of a risk you want to take.

[> [> Sorry! This post excludes the spoiler and has a new section! (sp. up to LMPTM only) -- s'kat (you can delete the one above if you want), 18:31:37 10/20/03 Mon

(This post has no spoilers beyond LMPTM, I promise).

Not sure this adds anything to what has been said above or merely restates it, since I can't read all the posts.
Hopefully it will help a little.

From what I've learned in a mixture of life experience, business courses, history courses, and literature - there are three ways that class may be determined:

1. by birth - you are born in a specific class. If you are born into the aristocratic class, ie. Royalty, a Baron, a Duke in the case of England - or in the US - the child of a celebrity, a President, a Congressman, or Vanderbuilt, Rockerfeller...than it doesn't matter if you work or make a cent - you are part of the upper class. Your connections are the wealthy. In some cases, you'll have inherited wealth. In others - you have the contacts. "Good breeding is everything" - is attributable to class by birth.

2. by marriage - you marry into a class. Say for instance your parents were paupers but your husband or wife (usually husband) is from the upperclasses? Then you can rise up that way.

3. by money - this can be inherited wealth or hard-earned cash. In 18th Century - hard-earned cash were the merchant class. I'm not sure this was the case in the 19th century.
In modern times - this is the self-made man. Or "new wealth". New Wealth isn't always accepted in the "upper-class"


According to Buffy Magazine #8 - William was of the upper middle class or at least that's what the set designers believed. The set designers mention that they decided to create a Victorian town-house that was fairly wealthy but not luxorious to indicate that William came from the upper middle class not the aristocracy - he would have had a house not a town-house. Not the middle class - he'd have lived in a flat. They also stuffed it with rich items, befitting the wealthy at that time or rather well to do.
Re-watch LMPTM to get a better picture. I think that episode tells us better than any other which class he was supposed to be in.

Why does William change to Spike? All we have to go on is Darla, ATS S2, Fool for Love BTVS S5, and LMPTM BTVS S7. In those episodes it appears William looks down on his class - sees it as namby-pamby or "nancy-boy" possibly because of how he viewed himself within it. We all deal with rejection differently. I know when my brother was in school - he took on the leather jacket and played the bad boy/poor boy slacker role to fit in with the group of people he liked and rejected the group who hurt him. He used slang and he did naughty things. He's since grown out of that role and owns his own business, has an apt, is building a vacation home, and has his first child on the way. But as a young man - he played that slacker role.
A better example actually might be Alec in A ClockWork Orange - who takes on a different language than his parents and wears bad boy garments denoting rebellion. Note who Spike's vampire parental figures are? Darla and Angel. How are they dressed? Like aristocrats. Spike may in his attitude and appearance be asserting a sense of independence and rebellion from Angelus. Another possibility is he is rebelling against his human roots. But since Spike clearly does not change his speech pattern and behavior until a while after he's been with Angelus, I think it had more to do with Angel and less to do with the fops.

That said - we have no idea if William and Anne's money was inherited wealth - making them old money or "new wealth". This being the 1800s, I think it was more likely old money, especially since William is writing poetry and very scholarly. New money would have William pursueing business pursuites and more merchant class. But that's just a guess.


Hope that helped.
sk

[> Preservin'. -- Rob, 21:54:10 10/16/03 Thu


[> Re: Spike, William, and Social Mobility [Asking for help on my media class 'Buffy' project] -- Celebaelin, 02:48:10 10/17/03 Fri

Don't take this as gospel but I think at the time the idea of there being a 'middle' class at all was fairly new in Victorian times. The term middle class, when was it was first coined(!), meant rich but not of noble blood: merchants, industrialists and other nouveaux riche boors. So William is probably middle class since we don't know whether it is old money (The Honourable William the Bloody?) or new money. You could be forgiven for calling William upper class if he is 'The Honourable' but this is speculation. Don't mess about with upper-middle that's a purely financial distinction invented by people with just a little bit more money than most(cough cough).

Spike is classless really, he affects, or perhaps genuinely has, working class sensibilities (I'm not lower anythin' 'mate') but doesn't work. Punks, being anarchists considered themselves entirely outside society irrespective of their origins but in my opinion you cannot change your class, you are born with it. You may however in the broader view be able to change the class, or more likely sadly the pretence to class, of your children. Sooooo, It may not be much help to you wrt your project but Spike is the same class as William but he's slumming.

If class was just about money then it could vary from day to day. Nothing so 'vulgar' IMO, although if you were from unimpeachable upper class origins you would likely go through a stage of trying to hide it, especially if you were male.

You might want to use socio-economic grouping terminology rather than class. Class is an illusive little cuss at the best of times, and yet beggars and kings both have it.

C

[> [> Re: Spike, William, and Social Mobility [Asking for help on my media class 'Buffy' project] -- Claudia, 12:21:12 10/20/03 Mon

[Don't take this as gospel but I think at the time the idea of there being a 'middle' class at all was fairly new in Victorian times. The term middle class, when was it was first coined(!), meant rich but not of noble blood: merchants, industrialists and other nouveaux riche boors. So William is probably middle class since we don't know whether it is old money (The Honourable William the Bloody?) or new money. You could be forgiven for calling William upper class if he is 'The Honourable' but this is speculation. Don't mess about with upper-middle that's a purely financial distinction invented by people with just a little bit more money than most(cough cough).]


The middle-class or the "merchant" class really came into power during the 18th century, in Britain, not the 19th century.

[> [> [> Re: Spike, William, and Social Mobility [Asking for help on my media class 'Buffy' project] -- Celebaelin, 20:20:11 10/20/03 Mon

The middle-class or the "merchant" class really came into power during the 18th century, in Britain, not the 19th century.

Agree, as a result of the industrial revolution obviously, but the term, rather than the phenomenon it describes, comes into being rather later. According to the Shorter Oxford Dictionary the first use of the term 'middle class' occurred in 1812 and the first adjectival use in 1893. So, Georgian in fact rather than Victorian but still 19th century.

[> [> Given the punk rock connection -- KdS, 04:04:55 10/17/03 Fri

It is worth mentioning that there is a long UK tradition of upper or middle class rock musicians adopting exaggeratedly working class personae (and sometimes being genuinely embarassed when the truth got out). Mick Jagger, Keith Richards, Joe Strummer, Damon Albarn in his "Parklife" period... just the few that instantly came to mind.

[> [> What makes you think class doesn't have to do with money? -- Finn Mac Cool, 08:10:17 10/17/03 Fri

That's the whole definition of class. Upper class consists of those with a great deal of money, lower class of those on the verge of bankrupcy, and middle class of those in between. If you remove financial status from the situation, how exactly do you determine a class?

[> [> [> 'They said you were high class, but that was just a lie' -- fresne, 09:08:43 10/17/03 Fri

Behavior, education.

As I mull the question I'm reminded of Shaw's Pygmalion and the poor who twist up through middle into upper class by virtue of manners and speech patterns. The insistence that the middle class have restrictions. The poor and the upper do what they want (within financial constraints).

Dicken's Hard Times where one of the main characters keeps going on about how he was lower class, found in a ditch, but he's a self made man. Transformed himself into filthy rich middle class. Maybe he'll get knighted and climb higher. Course, turns out he was raised comfortably middle class and he keeps his mother hidden off in the next town.

The little princess may be poor, but she behaves like a "real" princess while trapped in her garret. She doesn't perceive herself to be lower/servant class, so she isn't. Although, this is to a degree, the difference between reputation and what you know of yourself.

Aristos who haven't a feather to fly on, but put on a good show. What class (beyond being a cad) was Mr. Wickam? Mr. Darcy? Miss Elizabeth Bennet? When things are so stratified that eldest children are referred to differently. When there is an order that you go into dinner based on precedence.

Genteel poverty, being different from poverty because it comes with doilies.

Students who deliberately seek out and decorate apartments with "white trash" decorations. That moment when John Watters visits the Simpson's and comments on the camp of their home. Marge laughs, but doesn't know why.

I'd say that William was comfortably middle class. To the extent that I doubt he had a job, but probably had some sort of university education. That was an excessively comfy and overstuffed house. Spike is raise a pint at the pub, damn the world and rules, scrap with your mates, lower class.

Course, my understanding of class may not be quite as refined as say, a Victorian English person. What with being all Californian and like dude and all.

[> [> [> [> Re: 'They said you were high class, but that was just a lie' -- auroramama, 09:55:40 10/17/03 Fri

Doesn't Eliza say that the difference between a flower girl and a lady isn't how she looks or speaks, but how she is treated? Of course, how you look and speak is much of what determines how strangers treat you. But Colonel Pickering always treated her as a lady, so it is possible to look beyond the surface - or at least Shaw thought so.

The reason a self-made millionaire is traditionally not "upper class" isn't necessarily that he's uneducated or has the wrong accent. It's that the established aristocracy don't want him to be. Imagine (I'm sure this has happened in a million Regencies; it was just the era for that sort of thing) a man who turns up in town, impeccably dressed and brimming with intellectuality and good manners. Everyone assumes he's from an obscure branch of the aristocratic family he shares a name with. He then reveals that the name is a coincidence and his education and manners acquired with the money he made in trade. Won't many people discover hitherto unnoticed vulgarities in his speech, dress, and behavior, whether there are any or not?

Hence, perhaps, Spike's insistence on his new name to Angelus, despite the fact that he's in serious danger of being dusted. It's how you are treated.

[> [> [> [> [> 'You ain't nothing but a hound dog' -- fresne, 10:05:15 10/17/03 Fri

But, if you have sufficient money, you can marry into the family.

And thus the obsession by Victorian era American industrialists with marrying their daughters into impoverished aristocratic families. For example, I believe Churchill's mother, aunt. Should have watched that bio this week.

Anway, the ability to say, "My son-in-law is Lord so and so."

[> [> [> [> [> Re: 'They said you were high class, but that was just a lie' -- RJA, 10:07:32 10/17/03 Fri

I see what you're saying, but is class really about how you are treated? In many ways its how a lot of people define themselves, so clearly its not soley about how other people react to them. This self made millionare could be accepted by the upper classes and so on, but that wouldnt make him upper class when it came to labelling him (if we have to label at all). I was talking more about social structures, the labels that are applied when a sociolgist or historian looks at them, rather then theyre practical everyday existence.

Although I would say that when i said education, I wasnt talking about the quality of their education. For instance, I had a state education, and while it was probably better than some of the local private schools, it still went some way to defining the class I was in.

[> [> [> [> Re: 'They said you were high class, but that was just a lie' -- Malandanza, 17:24:50 10/17/03 Fri

"Dicken's Hard Times where one of the main characters keeps going on about how he was lower class, found in a ditch, but he's a self made man. Transformed himself into filthy rich middle class. Maybe he'll get knighted and climb higher. Course, turns out he was raised comfortably middle class and he keeps his mother hidden off in the next town."

Yet for all his wealth, Bounderby was still middle class. The big distinction between upper and middle class in that era in England seems to be in tracing how many generations it has been since your family has had to work. Neither Bounderby of Coketown nor Magwitch (from Great Expectations) (nor the captain in Evelina) would ever be upper class, no matter how much wealth they accumulated -- their children may, however, especially if married well. One of the best examples of the self-made millionaire stuck in the working class is Kipling's Mary Gloster and berating his effete son who has ascended to the upper class.

In Emma we also see class defined by work when Augusta Hawkins (the future Mrs. Elton) is condemned because her father made his money in trade and her uncle is a lawyer. A rising family also incurs Emma's displeasure when they presume to hold a ball. In Mansfield Park it is considered disgraceful that Edmund has to take his orders early to help out the family.

In general, I don't think it was possible to move to a new class (if we restrict ourselves tothe very broad categories of lower, middle (or working), and upper (or leisure) classes. Children might move up or down, depending upon the fortunes of the parents, but a decayed gentleman was still a gentleman, and the newly rich were still "not one of us."

Wickham was able to pass himself off as upper class -- his indulgent upbringing, treated as Mr. Darcy's equal, was, no doubt, to blame. Jane Fairfax also had this ability, although in her case she did not seek to deceive people. Class is more a matter of how you were raised than how healthy your bank account is at this moment.

[> [> [> Re: What makes you think class doesn't have to do with money? -- RJA, 09:32:11 10/17/03 Fri

Family, background, education, money, maybe even social values. Its all very complicated, and ever changing...

For instance, a man could grow up in a working class environment and become a self-made millionaire. He would have as much money as an aristocrat (not that they really exist any more) or a member of the upper class, but because of his family, his background and education, he wouldnt be a member of the upper class and never could be. Whereas some Lords who have inherited all that belongs to them are often on the verge of bankruptcy, yet are still at the top end of the social spectrum.

But as the whole thread shows, its increasingly hard to label people with a distinct class. Its a constant state of flux, and often on the verge of complete breakdown, especially that there is an increasing amount of general social mobility (probably in direct response to the rise of democratic values, whereby when money isnt the sole arbiter of your place in society, the delineation becomes less strict).

[> [> [> [> Exactly...One of the major themes of the course... -- Rob, 12:37:02 10/17/03 Fri

...is how difficult it is to label class, particularly in today's society, where even many of the poorest people grow up with "middle class values," due to the media. So, finding a distinction between low, middle, and high class can be very hard, particularly when you break it down into "lower middle" and "upper middle".

Here's another example of a difficulty I'm having--Doublemeat Palace. Is this episode upholding or critcizing middle class values? On the one hand, Buffy's fear of downward social mobility in working at a fast food restaurant upholds middle class values, which strives for raising oneself higher up on the social scale. At the same time, though, it exposes a popular American middle class institution, the fast food restaurant, as being an awful, mind- and soul-numbing place to work, and made such relentless fun of it that ME was forced to drop the storyline the next season, out of fear of losing advertising backers. It's kind of a catch-22: Most people who take a lifelong career in fast food, at least as on-floor workers, would be considered at least lower middle class, and yet it is a very middle class thing to eat at a local fast food restaurant, and so therefore, mocking it is considered mocking a middle class institution. And the fast food companies weren't even pleased that the burgers didn't turn out to be made from people, because the damage of possibly denigrating their name had been done! So, therefore, what position, if any, is ME taking here?

Rob

[> [> [> [> [> The term middle class values has been replaced -- Lunasea, 13:35:24 10/17/03 Fri

The new catch phrase is "Family values" and the watchdog of that is the Peoples Television Council.

It is interesting that the most controversial thing ME ever did had nothing to do with violence or sex, but Buffy working at a fast food restaurant. The PTC that season was more concerned about what Invisible Buffy was doing to Spike.

What values are being upheld when freedom of expression (the show) is being restricted by the sponsors because of the perceived bottom line? Naked Spike=ratings=good. Buffy suffering=ratings=good. Buffy showing the darker side of the fast food industry/corporate America=bad?

Family/middle class values has a strong work ethic. In the end of the episode Buffy goes back and does work in her dead end job. She needs the money to support her sister. I would say that she is upholding these values.

[> [> [> [> [> [> Good point, and re: catch phrase change... -- Rob, 13:38:55 10/17/03 Fri

Wish you'd tell my professor she's continually teaching us about current American society with an outdated phrase! ;o)

Rob

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> Actually she's not -- s'kat, 21:47:36 10/20/03 Mon

Family Values and Middle Class Values mean two different things or have been used differently.

This takes me back a few years, but Family Values to the best of my memory was first used by the religious right in Colorado and it was used in conjunction with the idea
of providing a moralistic standard for the young. Certain things should not be shown on TV. There should be certain standards.

During the 1980s and early 1990s, the term Family Values was used to push concepts such as "home-schooling" and
"family programs" and "family oriented activities". Shows such as Murphy Brown were condemned because they didn't live up to "family values".

Middle Class Values is a whole different thing. It includes the standard of the entire class - not just people who fit within one subset of that class. My guess is that Middle-Class Values is a socio-economic term, while family values is a term made up by a marketing guy in Colorado to push forward his agenda. But don't take my word for it, do a Kartoo or Google search - or ask your professor who probably knows a bit more on the topic. I just vaguely remember that one is a "marketing term" used to push a conservative agenda, and the other is a socio-economic term used by sociologists and economists to describe a specific socio-economic class' values. The distinction may be important for your class.

Hope that helps a little. Again, I don't profess to be an expert on any of this. This is just from my own memory banks, when I was a legislative intern in Kansas and dealt with the terms - often simulataneously and had to distinguish them in reports.

Since I wasn't completely sure - I decided to look them up in the Encarta Encyclopedia:

Family Values in Encarta translates to : Traditional Values which are defined as principles or standards followed and revered by a people continuously from generation to generation. (These values aren't confined to one class, traditional values can be adopted by any class. The people who push it in our country have included these representatives of the upper-classes: Newt Gringrich, Al Gore, Arnold Schwarzernegger, Bob Dole - all of which aren't middle class.)

Here's a snippet from an article on United Kingdom Middle Class Values:
"The underlying belief of Victorian society was in progress-that things were better than ever before and could be made better still. This belief was the impetus for thousands of voluntary associations that worked to improve the lives of the poor both at home and abroad. It also underlay the charitable foundations created by wealthy benefactors and the public philanthropies of some of the greatest industrialists. Social experiments were conducted by individuals such as factory owner Robert Owen, who founded utopian communities in which wealth was held in common. Novelists such as Charles Dickens were ardent social reformers who brought the intolerable conditions of the workhouses and the factories to the attention of the public in their books. Dickens's novels Oliver Twist (1837-1839) and Hard Times (1854) are examples of this kind of literature."

But in Europe Middle Class was defined as Bourgeoisie
" Bourgeoisie, originally, the free residents of European towns during the Middle Ages. The bourgeoisie later became synonymous with the middle class."

Encarta doesn't really define Middle Class Values beyond that.

Good luck.
Hope that helped a little.
sk

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Agreeing with s'kat -- sdev, 23:02:58 10/20/03 Mon

Family values is a term used to connote core life values often associated with right leaning political agendas such as pro-traditional families (read anti-gay), anti-abortion, anti-pornography, pro-sexual abstinence for minors, pro-school prayer, pro-school vouchers, and many others. It traverses the economic spectrum.

Middle class values are the values associated with the economically determined group called the Middle Class. The values themselves may overlap.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> Why go with something trendy? -- Ponygirl, 13:59:03 10/17/03 Fri

Family values is a spin just like pro-life for anti-abortion, its very wording implies a judgement so I can see why it wouldn't be used in a class.

I always thought that Doublemeat Palace and a lot of s4 Xander had to do with a fear of the service industry as being somehow degrading. In the Buffyverse it seems associated with lack of education and career dead-ends. Remember in DP there was an emphasis on "lifers" and the number of years a person had worked at the restaurant. The idea of making DP a career or anything besides a temporary stop was portrayed as extremely negative.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Why not? -- Lunasea, 14:35:25 10/17/03 Fri

A class on media that analyzes trends should use the appropriate terms for those trends. "Family Values" is much more than spin. It is not seeing it as a very real description of what is happening that is allowing it to grow like Kudzu.

Family values is not a synonym for Middle Class Values. What opposses it is equally Middle Class. It just doesn't have a fancy catch phrase yet. Upper, Middle and Lower class were united and then fragmented in other ways, not along economic lines. It says a lot about this country and the media that tries to shape it.

Just my opinion, though.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> And you don't think there's a value judgement implied? -- Ponygirl, 07:31:28 10/18/03 Sat

What exactly is this family values? Why are we allowing a self-applied and ill-defined term to come into common rotation? Personally its use sets off all my radar because it uses nearly universal terms to describe a narrow set of social mores. Why can't we just call it social conservatism? Then we don't have to get into all of these definitions of family.

If a professor in any class I was in used the phrase family values in any other way than as a way to discuss its implications, or, you know, ironically I would feel obliged to call him/her on it.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Actually, thinking about this... -- Rob, 10:09:11 10/18/03 Sat

While some of the issues might overlap, couldn't the phrase, "family values" theoretically be held by the lower or upper class, too? Not that "middle class" is the most specific term ever, but it does seem more centralized than "family," which can refer to any one, really.

Rob

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Although it is all too often used to be exclusive -- RJA, 14:08:26 10/18/03 Sat

Most times I have seen the phrase 'family values', it is being used to show that that excludes, rather than includes. Ita a phrase, perhaps unlike middle class values, which is marked by what it stands against, rather than what it is for. Not aspirational, but rather tinged with fear or mistrust.

Now whether that is fair or accurate is another matter, but the way in which the phrase is commonly used is to make a value judgment about something.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> What are middle class values? -- Lunasea, 11:04:57 10/18/03 Sat

I'm Middle Class. We don't have a lot of money. We have values instead. At least that is the general perception. I find the idea of attaching these values to a particular class to be rather limiting. We can use another term if you'd like. How about "The American Way" and in Truth, Justice and?

Family values are no different than the "middle class values" that Rob is speaking about. They are supposed to be what Middle America values. That has just expanded to mean more than the middle class. That was my original point.

As for using a universal term to describe a narrow set of mores, the very terms pro-life and pro-choice do this. Most pro-lifers are also pro-capital punishment. Not very big on life there. Most pro-choicers are also pro-gun control. Not very big on choice there. So what terms do we use? Pro-abortion doesn't fit because most pro-choicers believe in the right to CHOOSE abortion and wouldn't have one themselves. If anything it is a horrible choice to have to make and many pro-choicers are also pro-contraception. It all gets complicated.

Such is the nature of language. You may feel a need to call a professor on his/her use of this term. I find not using it to be demonstrative of being out of touch with current trends and in a class about current trends, I would expect more. It is like my husband's education. He has his degree in US History, but his concentration was on the Cold War. The world was looked at through the lens of what threat Communism was. If we still looked at it this way, we would miss what the world has become. Things change, including terms. The very term postmodern demonstrates this.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> You aren't qualifying any of your statements -- Ponygirl, 15:36:44 10/18/03 Sat

What are the values that you're ascribing to yourself? The word "values" alone doesn't really describe anything. What my family values may be the direct opposite of yours. However since I am unmarried you may want exclude me from the family definition. Since I am Canadian I would like to exclude myself from the middle America definition. My ideas of what the term family values means may be something you wish to exclude yourself from.

My point, which is in here somewhere, is that yes language is ever-changing and middle class is almost too broad to term to use. However using a prejorative term like family values gives the phrase a very different weight than one might intend to in a discussion of socio-economic divisions. For as the words change so do their meanings and their impact. The connotations are purely negative and exclusionary to me. Post-modernism I would think would include awareness of the implications behind such a loaded phrase.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Re: Why go with something trendy? -- RJA, 15:43:52 10/17/03 Fri

I think regarding DMP, the important issue on where the condemnation lies is whether those who work at such places are portrayed negatively, or whether it is the place or corporation itself. It has to be remembered that the vast majority of M.E writers have worked in places like that, so i feel the issue is what working in such a place does to you.

And is that reinforcing middle class values? I dont know, it depends whether that is considered a judgment on those who work in such places. Can it really be said that anyone would like to work handing out fast food? Do people chose that as a career willingly, or is it more the case that this is one of the few options open to them?

Generally, the people who work in such places are either immigrants or people with no real qualifications. And the companies that run these chains exploit that mercilessly (McDonalds and Burger King have some of the worst treatment of their employees). So there is a good reason to criticise or make fun of the job - it can be soul sucking, and immensely underpaid. But at the same time it didnt seem so much as a horror story to show to those who dont study hard at school and eat their greens (one was a college student). But rather more a sympathetic look at those people who do end up working there, a la our heroine.

Either that or a cheesy horror movie riff.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> What day would you like me to come to your class? -- Lunasea, 14:09:53 10/17/03 Fri

Nice to see academia hasn't changed, even as society has.

The combination of the classes under the umbrella of "family values" in supposed classless America is an important social distinction. The distinction in the media is no longer based on economic standing, but on morality. Upper, middle and lower classes are all supposed to have the same values (and buy the same products). This was heightened by the changes this country has seen since 9/11, but was shown in other earlier ways, such as the 2000 Presidential election.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> William Is Upper-Class -- Claudia, 13:10:51 10/20/03 Mon

In an article I had recently read about the filming of "Lies My Parents Told Me", it was established that William came from an upper-class family.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> citation, please -- Anneth, 13:16:55 10/21/03 Tue

In an article I had recently read about the filming of "Lies My Parents Told Me", it was established that William came from an upper-class family.

First of all, which article? Link or citation, please.

Secondly, whether it was intended for William to appear to come from an upper-class family, the fact was never firmly established on the show. From all appearances, he could have easily have been firm middle class or well-to-do middle class - he may even have had a job, as a clerk or something. The fact of the matter is, we don't know. All we know for certain is that he lived in a nice, largish house with a lot of knick-knacks, had time enough to compose poetry regularly enough to garner himself a mocking moniker, had some sort of schooling (thought that's an assumption,really, based off his rant in Lessons), and a mother whom he loved. He or his mother or someone else had connections enough to get him invited to a party; he was made fun of at that party, and the object of his affections considered him 'beneath' her - whatever that might mean. And it might mean any number of things.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> I read that article too. -- Arethusa, 14:32:37 10/21/03 Tue

It discussed set decoration, I believe-can't remember where it was. If William had an ordinary job, especially as a clerk, he could never afford that house. (Remember Howard's End?) If he were a professional man there would probably been some indication of this, as well as the fact that he was very young to have earned so much money. The most telling line, to me, was when William asked if he should send the coach for Dr. Gull. He was the royal family's physician, and would be very expensive.* And anyone who kept a coach in London would be wealthy. But yes, this is mostly guessing. :)



*In 1888, Sir William Gull was probably the most influential doctor in Britain. He was welcomed into the Royal circle in 1871 when he attended Typhoid stricken Prince of Wales. Although seventy one years old, and despite suffering a stroke, he became personal surgeon to the Royal family and served them loyally. His wealth grew and he lived in London's exclusive Mayfair.

He served a Royal family in crisis. Republican feeling had grown as Queen Victoria became a virtual recluse and the public learnt of the playboy antics the Prince of Wales and his son Albert Victor.

Gull died at his London home in 1890 following a second massive stroke Upon his death Gull left a small fortune - worth more than £15 million in today's terms.
http://www.discoveryeurope2.com/jack/withey.php

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Good point -- Anneth, 15:06:30 10/21/03 Tue

I'd forgotten the line about Dr. Gull - thanks.

The fact that he and his mother lived in such a large house doesn't necessarily mean he wasn't a professional man; his parents might have been wealthy via employment or marriage or whatever (though wealth of that apparent plentitude does speak against William's employment). I was trying to indicate that the setting didn't speak definitively to William's class, wealth, or position - whatever the set designer's intent in Lies, the achievement was vague. I do apologise if I didn't adequately make my point; I tend to ramble on when I compose posts and forget to make my thesis clear. :)

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> You were clear. :) -- Arethusa, 04:55:55 10/22/03 Wed

And your point still holds-we don't know for sure if he's aristocratic or just wealthy.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> I still think he's middle class... -- Rob, 09:51:35 10/22/03 Wed

I recently watched the recent BBC production of "The Forsyte Saga," which for those who don't know, is about a well-to-do family in England that takes place on the cusp of when the middle class, as a class, was emerging. From my untrained eyes, if I hadn't known the Forsytes were middle class, I would have instantly guessed "aristocrat." Their styles, clothes, and homes were far more opulent and wealthy-looking than William's...and they were middle class. It's hard for our modern eyes to see such luxury in an 1800s English setting and not instantly assume it to be aristocratic, but especially from what I have been learning about the social structures at the time in this class, I'm thinking middle class.

Rob

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> From the commentary for Fool For Love -- Rahael, 10:21:51 10/22/03 Wed

It's kind of fun to see Angel back on Buffy with his original haircut. Everyone's got great hair in this epsiode. Talking about building Spike piece by piece. Here you'll notice that Spike's changed his accent.. Before, he had an upper crust British accent. Now he has a cockney, almost working class accent going on. In conceptualizing this scene, Joss Whedon was very clear about working class differences and social castes, where Spike very much represents the working class and Angel is more the elite, more the kind of aristocracy.

So where does 'upper-crust' leave us? Nowhere is my sad conclusion, especially since I don't think I'd go to ME for historical accuracy.

The one thing that biases me into agreeing with Rob is that I find it hard to believe a girl like Cecily would say Spike was beneath her, unless he was indeed, socially, beneath her.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> The article in the buffy mag actually supports you -- s'kat, 11:00:53 10/22/03 Wed

They specify that it be a townhouse not a "house", that it be wealthy not "luxurious", that William be well-to-do, not "aristocrat". William was most likely "upper middle class", the group below the aristocracy, which may still place him below Cecily. Another possible angle is that
he is "newly acquired" wealth which also would place him below Cecily. Or Cecily may just not like effete poet types and consider anyone who isn't a certain way is beneath her.
My hunch is that he was meant to be upper middle class and possibly newly acquired wealth - ie. his father was merchant class and either married up or made his fortune, or
his mother was merchant class and married up - this would I suspect explain the responses of the party-goers. What's odd from reading both the commentaries and the article, is the set designers seemed to have a better idea and were more worried about accuracy than the writers were. Makes sense since their job is to recreate a period of history and to do so they need to research it in detail, the writer doesn't necessarily have to do that to write the script.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Class, and Masculinity -- Arethusa, 12:25:05 10/22/03 Wed

I looked at the script for Fool for Love on the Bufy Scripts site and I think the others in his set looked down on William because they thought he was unmanly, rather than below him socially.

"INT. ENGLISH DRAWING ROOM - 1880 - NIGHT

We cut to a high-society drawing room of the late nineteenth century. Young people mingle and politely flirt.

SUBTITLE: LONDON, 1880

We pan across the crowd to find, sitting alone and staring longingly out the window, young WILLIAM. Spike before he was Spike. The biggest sissy imaginable.


SPIKE
Cecily...


CECILY
Leave me alone.


SPIKE
They're vulgarians. Can't you
see? They're not like you and I."


The emphesis seems to be on William's delicate poetic sensibilities, and how the others despise him for them.



"SPIKE
Yeah, know what I prefer to being
hunted? Getting caught.


ANGEL
That's brilliant strategy.
Really, pure cunning.


SPIKE
Sod off. When's the last time you
unleashed it? All out fighting a
mob, back to the wall, nothing
but fists and fangs? Don't you
ever get tired of fights you know
you're gonna win?


ANGEL
No. A real kill, a good kill -
it takes an artistry. Without
that, we're just animals.


SPIKE
Poofter."


Again, the emphesis is on manliness, to the point that Spike accuses Angel of being effeminant for not wanting to fight-like William used to be. He is also rejecting his social class, but he is obsessed with proving his manliness, which might be what leads to his fascination with slayers, the "monster" that monsters fear. And after he kills the Chinese slayer,


"Spike and Dru walk out of the burning building and into the bloody chaos of rebellion all around them. Spike's long period-era coat flows out behind him as he walks. He's no longer the unsure, overcompensating vamp he was before. Now he radiates true confidence."

Fighting slayers was as much as sexual as physical thrill for Spike. It made him feel all manly, I believe he said. So while it's very possible that he was rejected, all or in part, because he was beneath the others socially, I'm inclined to believe he was mostly despised for his character rather than his status.

Interestingly, it is Angel, the son of a merchant and part of the very new middle class, who goes for the trappings of the upper classes, while William, who moves socially amoungst the upper classes, rejects them.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Very insightful. Thanks -- Masq, 14:04:48 10/22/03 Wed

When all else fails, consult the shooting scripts!

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> I'd agree - It's in keeping with the show's themes -- s'kat, 16:29:02 10/22/03 Wed

I always believed it had more to do with character than class based on how the episode is filmed and the references Spike makes prior to and after the episode. In School Hard - he makes a point of mentioning how "weapons" make him feel all manly. And often we hear him using the word : nancy-boy or poofter.

The exploration of the "sissy" or "un-manly" man's attempts to be accepted are seen through Wesely, stuttering Giles,
Andrew, and William.

Yet, in each case we see that the external image of the sissy isn't necessarily who the character really is, just the perception of the character by the on-looker. Scroll posted a really good essay examining how ME deals with the sissy stereotype in Angel and BTVS, which I think could be referenced here.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Re: Class, and Masculinity -- sdev, 16:36:05 10/22/03 Wed

I agree with your analysis. Also at that party William is too 'delicate' for conversation on recent possibly violent crimes.

From FFL:

ARISTOCRAT #2: (to Spike) Ah, William! Favor us with your opinion. What do you make of this rash of disappearances sweeping through our town? Animals or thieves?

HUMAN SPIKE: (haughty) I prefer not to think of such dark, ugly business at all. That's what the police are for. (looks at Cecily) I prefer placing my energies into creating things of beauty.

But after he's Spike he longs for "fists and fangs." He went from being an effeminate mama's boy to courting violence.

Interestingly the trait that remained the same pre and post vamping, was his willingness to buck the trend. His courage, if you can call it that, was in not accepting the social rules of others. Did that help him to make his ultimate decision to seek a soul?

[> [> [> Americans/Brits -- dream, 11:03:44 10/17/03 Fri

I remember once being in a classroom of Americans being taught by a Brit. He was trying to talk about the importance of class in whatever novel we were studying, and he was getting very frustrated with way the Americans were dealing with the subject. He finally said, with great exasperation, "What is with you Americans and money? I don't want to talk about money, I want to talk about class!" I meekly raised my hand and explained that Americans don't see much of a distinction, particularly Americans raised out of the handful of areas - the Northeast, and, from what I can tell, parts of the South - where more traditional class distinctions can still be seen. Bostonians, I can attest, have a strong sense of class. So do New Yorkers. I once knew a daughter of an old New York family who was interested in going to medical school to become a surgeon. Her grandparents told her they didn't want her, and I quote, "working with her hands." She became a lawyer instead. Upper class means the right old families, the right place to spend your summer, the right schools, the right professions, the right charities. People who summer on the Vineyard, give to the BSO, went to Andover, then to Harvard, and have a law degree don't see themselves as being in the same class as people who take their summer vacation in South America, went to public high school, then onto University of Massachusetts, give money to Act Up, and work in computer design, even if the latter has much, much more money. I'll also note that in the States, different regions produce different snobberies. Business school is seen as rather vulgar here in Boston, but professors are highly respected, and people are obsessed with where you went to school and how many degrees you have. People in New York always seemed more interested in where you worked and where you lived. I once knew a Southerner who thought professors were barely middle class because they made so little money, but I don't know if that was a Southern thing, a new money thing, or just that guy's thing.

[> [> [> [> Re: Americans/Brits -- purplegrrl, 13:43:27 10/17/03 Fri

Unfortunately, in the U.S. class is often equated with how much money you have, and to a certain extent what kind of job you have. We don't have the hereditary aristocracy that Europe does. (Okay, we do, but it is still based on money rather than on titles or land-ownership.)

Believe me I saw "class distinction" when I was working in the grocery store. The particular store I worked at was located near an affluent neighborhood. Not all, but a lot of the customers looked down on the clerks/cashiers -- I'm guessing they considered us inferior due to our income status or simply because we were in the service industry. This sort of attitude was particular irksome to me since I had until fairly recently been in the same general income bracket as they were *and* most likely had more education than they did.

In some places, particularly in the South, class is in large part based on how long your family has lived in the area. When I lived in Raleigh, NC I knew a woman who was nice, friendly, and smart -- and carefully set herself apart from the rest of us because her family had lived in that area for generations. And it wasn't about money. She had a job with the state and her family was probably middle to upper-middle class.

The whole class distinction thing is a thorny can of worms. The best you can do in explaining Spike's movement up and down the social/class scale is to explain your distinctions in advance and then show how Spike fits (or doesn't fit) into these distinctions as he evolves and changes.

[> [> [> Don't agree -- Celebaelin, 03:41:00 10/18/03 Sat

The British royal family weren't that rich for centuries prior to Victoria compared with some of the members of the aristocracy and they were, and still are, literally the definition of upper class. No-one is superior in class terms to a monarch and only other monarchs are there equals.

Whilst because of the power and privilege associated with noble birth it is likely that wealth will accompany it (although farmers will tell you that there is not much money in working the land, but then again they've always said that and each year is seemingly worse than the last) but this is not necessarily the case. As I said to Rob socio-economic classification is what I think you are referring to rather than class itself.

If you remove financial status from the situation, how exactly do you determine a class?

There are some snooty answers to this of the 'one just knows' variety but it's a fair question. How about manners?

C

[> [> [> [> The definition of class you're using doesn't exist anymore. -- Finn Mac Cool, 09:42:47 10/18/03 Sat

In the olden days, yeah, who you were the descendent of was all important in determining your station of life. But, in modern days, being descended from aristocrats makes little more than a small topic of conversation. Take "The Beverly Hillbillies" as an example. The Clampets are certainly not upper class using your definition of the term: their behavior is incredibly crude, they aren't related to anyone of importance, and they are completely unlike all of the other rich people they meet. Yet, they live in a large mansion in an expensive neighborhood and routinely socialise with people who fit the traditional upper class mold. They are clearly part of the upper class, despite having none of the attributes you associate with it.

Granted, the Clampets don't exist in real life, but people like them could exist and, in a less extreme fashion, probably do exist.

[> [> [> [> [> Re: The definition of class you're using doesn't exist anymore. -- LittleBit, 19:23:34 10/18/03 Sat

I think the point is that the definition of class used by Celebaelin here did exist, indeed was live and well, in Victorian England of the late 19th century, which was when William lived. To discuss William's class and what sort of rebellion Spike has against the class system only has validity when the class system of the time is used for the comparison. It doesn't need to make sense in a contemporary American class distinction. At that time, class distinctions were quite definitely social. As was previously noted, and in very broad terms, the lower class were the laborers, workers and peddlers; the middle class were the merchants/businessmen; and the upper class was the nobility. In my very own opinion, I rather think William's family was a side branch of a minor noble family. Otherwise I really don't believe William would have received invitations to 'upper class' functions, and I do think we are supposed to see Cecily and her friends as upper class.

[> [> [> [> [> Still don't agree -- Celebaelin, 10:34:21 10/18/03 Sat

You are still equating class with money, which I don't agree is the case. I'm not trying to defend the stratification of the class system or to justify social inequalities of opportunity on any basis be it class, wealth or geography I'm just expressing the opinion that class and wealth are not necessarily interrelated. If you believe, as I do, that class is an obsolete concept which now serves only to divide without any longer fulfilling the function of narrowing the field of search for 'suitable' partners and companions then it would perhaps be better not to bring class up at all. Class, whatever class it is, is about beliefs, attitudes and modes of behaviour, social interaction if you like; this is quite distinct from wealth in my view. Certain patterns of thinking accompany the amassing of riches but the fact of espousing the values of the landed gentry for ideological or practical reasons does not mean that an individual has entered the upper classes. I trust there won't be too much animosity caused if I re-state my belief that class is something that you are born to. Whether that involves having a silver spoon in your mouth or not depends on which class you are talking about.

[> [> [> [> [> [> I meant I don't see the impact of class, as you define it, at all -- Finn Mac Cool, 12:50:53 10/18/03 Sat

Using your definition of class, I don't see how it applys to modern day life at all. I have yet to meet anybody who is treated differently or lives in different social circles based upon who their family is. The closest you can get is race divisions, but that seems a little too broad to fit into the class system. But, then again, perhaps it varies depending on where you live. Where I live, who your relatives are or what station you were born into doesn't seem to amount to much of anything. However, perhaps you live in an area where the traditional class system is more visible.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> Or maybe you just don't see it -- Celebaelin, 16:47:57 10/18/03 Sat

In the not so distant past I gained a scholarship to attend an English Public School and the world that I experienced there is, I'm told, very different to the normal state school experience. About 30% of the places were academic scholarships and the others were fee paying and open to non prep-school students, so the circles that you were exposed to, if not actually completely privy to (this is a somewhat artificial distinction but I will let it stand), were very much subject to what I would arrogantly presume to call intellectual rather than financial constraints. Some of the boys were from old money, some were from nearly no money, but broadly we developed something approaching a common world view, as people who bear an institutional background in common usually do. Minor differences aside the aspect of privilege affected our opinions and made our understanding more uniform than we realised at the time (IMO). I'm not saying that money was irrelevant but I am saying that unless you were aware of a particular family name being important the students were largely indistinguishable one from the other in terms of apparent class, but the class distinction still existed largely because of family history and school tradition. It was, I believe, easier to get a place at the school if you came from the right family, irrespective of the nature of the studentship offered. The attitude of the teachers, or at least the influential ones, reflected this. Money did not seem to be so significant in my view although being filthy rich is often an advantage!

C

PS In its' original form there was an odd mix of 'I', 'you' and 'one' in this although in speech it would have sounded alright in text it seemed strange and I wanted to change it. I don't know whether that was an affectation or an appropriate use of language but it came naturally to me at the time.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Public School -- sdev, 16:10:21 10/19/03 Sun

In US this term means free, government run school available to all.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Re: Public School -- Celebaelin, 17:29:53 10/19/03 Sun

I thought that was the case but I wasn't so sure that you were aware that it works 'contrariwise' in the UK. UK/US terminology problems will always occur "Two nations divided by a common language" according to W.S. Churchill. To explain every nuance of speech, including, incidentally, the increased proportion of French influence in UK English, would be 'tiresome'. IMO it is better to describe life in the native manner, hopefully any misunderstandings that arise can be cleared up later.

[> [> [> [> [> [> of upward mobility, image and fame -- sdev, 13:16:25 10/18/03 Sat

I agree with Celebaelin. Class and wealth are not synonymous although closer in US than in UK as Dream and purplegrrl both said earlier. While pockets of classist society exist in US it does seem to be somewhat geographically limited and much less in the public consciousness. US never had an aristocracy so they started off from a much more egalitarian position as to the unchangeable category of birth. There was also an ethos of getting a fresh start which brought people from around the world to US.

Money does appear to be the great equalizer providing you have it. With it you can buy a first rate education in any of the upper class educational institutions and thus raise your class status. This gave rise to the social phenomenon of parental obsession with which status conveying kindergarten their child will attend as the precursor to eventual adult class status. But this is a multi-generational movement to the hard-core classist.

Cordelia is a good example of the money equals class more egalitarian nature of Sunnydale High. She was on top when her parents had it and never regained her status after she became a working class girl. In AtS Season 1 she is constantly trying to break into wealthy LA society via parties and who she meets and dates. LA elaborates on another element of class touched on in BtVS --the status of beautiful people. The superficiality of this status makes external accoutrements a necessity. Clothes, cars and who you hang with become essential elements of the image. I'm not too familiar with this phenomenon in Europe (but I can't believe it doesn't exist), but it is a big part of the American big city scene. Also the status of celebrities is a part of the subtext of BtVS and AtS. The worshipping of celebrities, actors, models, sports stars, musicians, is a big part of US culture

Which brings up a new thought. What Spike really represents is the class position of celebrities. That's how Spike changed his class status in the vampire world; he became a celebrity, a killer of Slayers. Interesting bit of metanarration when the woman from the Watcher's Council in S5 shyly tells him he she did her thesis on him and is intimately aware of his exploits, a reference to fans following JM's every move (I think I may have read this somewhere but can't remember where). Look what Spike's celebrity status got him-- a 'desireable' girlfriend who conferred additional status, leadership of his very own gang of minions, and autonomy. One example, Spike both enhanced his reputation, and was able to get away with, killing The Annointed One.

The celebrity status confers an additional benefit which fits Spike rather well. Spike was an anarchist about following 'the rules.' That attitude would only work with the class of celebrity since all other classes have very conformational standards. No matter how upper class or lower class you are, the rules of that class still apply (see Wallis Simpson and Edward VIII). But I believe celebrities often get to break the rules or create their own rules and emerge status unscathed or even enhanced.

I don't know if any of this helps or if I just wandered off topic.

[> [> Re: anarchist thoughts -- sdev, 20:33:43 10/17/03 Fri

Spike is the anti-class or the iconoclast, breaker of images. Tramples on all preconceptions with those Doc Martens.

Spike made fun of all class distinctions and their norms --his old life as William with the upper middle class leisure partying crowd which he called the frilly collar and cuffs crew, he found inane Angel's vampiric pretensions at class by seeing hiding out in a mine shaft in formal wear, which he eschewed in favor of overalls, as an interesting turn of events, he scoffed at any gainful employment in favor of petty theft, definitely not a working class ethic, he had no interest in wealth but basically subsisted (blood, beer and smokes) except for that aberrant moment in AYW, he actually thought Buffy's work at the Double Meat Palace was dangerous to her (oh yeah, he was right), he doesn't even believe in magic, the conterculture.

[> [> [> Re: anarchist thoughts -- Ann, 12:46:08 10/18/03 Sat

As I once saw on a wall at a punk rock club

"ANARCHY RULES, MAN!"

A well positioned comma makes all the difference.

[> Re: Spike, William, and Social Mobility [Asking for help on my media class 'Buffy' project] -- Ponygirl, 07:03:51 10/17/03 Fri

Personally, I think that William's home and clothing were meant to be read as upper middle class, while Spike was attempting a working class accent.

When we were discussing this before I was reminded of a long ago anthropology of youth culture course where it was suggested that one of the things that groups like the zoot suiters, the Teddy Boys and the punks did that so annoyed the middle class was their messing around with class lines. The Teddies could mock the mannerisms of aristocratic dandies, while the punks fed into fears of social decay and downward mobility.

There's also the peculiar idea that the working class have a more authentic experience than other classes. I think Barton Fink expressed it best and funniest with the intellectual going on about listening to the voice of the working man while ignoring the working guy sitting next to him, but you can see it as recently as the movie 8 Mile where Eminem's rival gets completely dismissed because he attended a private school.

[> Slightly different, and probably different angle - Social Space -- Rahael, 07:33:41 10/17/03 Fri

Because I started thinking of the idea of 'social space' in the Buffyverse.

In the very first episode, the camera pans down in a great shot, to the underground of Sunnydale, and we see the Master.

There seems a definite theme in the Buffyverse of strongly demarcated spaces. Underground and overground. Sunlit and moonlit. The bad parts of town. The not so bad parts. The Graveyards and the places where living people live. Spike in his crypts, Angel in his mansion.

People and Vamps like Buffy, Angel and Spike are in once sense, highly mobile, as they move into spaces others cannot or do not. And there is, also a sense in which the demons and vamps are the 'under'class of the Buffyverse. Literally in the case of the master and his minions.

Anyway. Just some random thoughts.

[> Re: Spike, William, and Social Mobility [Asking for help on my media class 'Buffy' project] -- RJA, 09:27:33 10/17/03 Fri

Its difficult to make a precise definition as to William's social status. We know Cecily considered him beneath her, but was that to do with his social status or his personality and character, i.e. she didnt feel he was 'man' enough. I think the real test would be whether William had a job of any kind - if say he was linked to a trade, or a factory owner or some such thing, then he would be middle class (very broadly speaking). Or alternatively, he could be one of the landed gentry, and thus an aristocrat. But simply, the period in which he belonged to was one which saw changing in class and social structures. The best definition that could be applied is that he belonged to the 'leisure class', a subsection of bourgeoisie. This was a class who had made their own money, it was established, and much of the income came from investments and the like, which gave them a chance to devote themselves to the pursuit of leisure. Neither aristocrats or truly middle class, they had the money, and could afford to spend it without working too hard. I can imagine that William would have fitted quite comfortably in such a role (one wonders where his father was - dead or busy working?). All pure speculation of course...

Spike would be considered to try and assume a working class persona (without any of the working, that is). Rather the more glamorous angle of drinking and fighting. But it was a persona, rather than any indication of his true social status. For what William was, so must Spike. If a vampire can be said to have a social status. But given the company he keeps (Baudelaire quoting Angelus, and Darla's taste for the finer things in life), he could perhaps only ever be a rich kid looking for some danger...

[> Interesting thread -- Lunasea, 10:37:15 10/17/03 Fri

Class is determined by who accepts you. Money doesn't determine class, though it affects it. Education doesn't determine class, though it affects it. Speech doesn't determine class, though it affects it. Clothes don't determine class, though it affects it. Birth doesn't determine class, though it affects it. What determines class is who accepts someone as their peer.

The best example of social mobility on the show was Darla. As a human prostitute, she had money, but she wasn't accepted by others. The traits that made her unacceptable as a human made her a queen among vampires.

William was from the higher classes (upper or middle doesn't really matter). As a vampire he adopts the persona of a lower class human, but this makes him a higher class vampire. As a human he had servants, as a vampire minions.

Just because the vampire dresses in fine linen or punk leather, that doesn't determine what vampire class they are in. Clothes don't make the vampire. It is all about the attitude. Darla's attitude remained unchanged and what was detrimental to her in human society become an asset in vampire society. Spike's attitude does change. The parts of himself that he has to repress to fit into the higher classes come out in force and make him a higher class vampire.

[> Re: Spike, William, and Social Mobility [Asking for help on my media class 'Buffy' project] -- manwitch, 15:33:06 10/18/03 Sat

Well, you could look at Spike's actual mobility, and look at the models of where he goes and why.

Spike starts as William, seemingly part of the gentleman class, but the real gents don't seem to want him there. While he is clearly educated, the others don't seem to value the result and it seems implied that William's aspirations are not in line with those of his class station.

Then he gets vamped. There is almost a feudal quality to the vampires. With the original set of Angel, Darla and Dru, Spike finds some level of acceptance and in many ways embraces the code of the nobility. He's like a young arrogant nobleman attempting to assert his place at court. And his pursuit of Slayers is not just mean-sprited, it hearkens back to the idea of the noble adversary, the men of name, the men of blood. Spike, like a nobleman, measure's his own worth by his fearlessness of his most worthy adversary, slayers, by his skill in battle with them, and he looks down at those who would avoid them simply for safeties sake.

When Angel is "deposed" if you will, Spike basically becomes the lord of the manor. Others pledge their service to him. He is again their leader and champion precisely because he demonstrates repeatedly his skill and fearlessness.

So Spike is upper class, even nobility, as a vampire. His lineage includes Drusilla, Angel, Darla, and the Master. That should get him a spot in Burke's for Vampires. Spike's betrayal of the vampires is interesting. Being a traitor does not in and of itself remove someone from nobility. But in Spike's case, it certainly cast him out, and the next time we see him, he is essentially a drunken street person.

When Spike is chipped, he definitely drops down into the lower class. He now becomes a mercenary at best, but more likely a peasant, with no means, beggin for scraps, or scheming some way to pilfer what he needs. Rejected from all sides, he is the total outcast. He ingratiates himself with the scoobs really in the roll of an extremely untrustworthy servant.

But Spike's climb into Buffy's good graces that begins with Intervention brings us into a wierd area. Are their class divisions within the scoobs? I guess their economy is based on a sort of moral currency that puts them above both the monsters and the people that ignore the monsters, and when spike begins to traffic in that currency, they grudgingly accept him. But to Spike, they are all of lower status. Merchants. New money. Buffy is their nobility. She is the one of birth and blood, and so it is to her, and not the scoobs, that Spike swears his allegiance. He becomes basically a knight, a courtier of Buffy.

So Spike seems to have traveled from an upper middle class in which he was looked down on, to an upper class in which he was subordinate, to an upper class in which he was ascendant, to rock bottom, back to the middle, and then finally settled on a role of fidelity to that which in his eyes was most noble.

His journey is always related to a shifting of the values he holds. His values as William circulate around romantic love rather than adventure or success. Oddly enough, when he leaves them for good and becomes a vampire, he embraces their values, even surpasses them. He becomes the heroic adventurer pare excellence, albeit with perverse purposes. When he falls from vampire grace, it has again to do with the resurgence of romantic love. Oddly enough, his final souled incarnation seems able to finally fuse spike and william, the noble hero and the romantic lover, but do it in service to something more than himself. (I'm thinking there's a connection here to the Book of the Courtier's climactic description of the perfect courtier dissolving into true love).

So what does that tell us about social mobility?


Follow-up to sdev, Rah, and others: One is the loneliest number -- Sophist, 10:33:16 10/17/03 Fri

The thread got archived just before I posted this. Here's my response to sdev's last post:

I'm running out of time to try to respond to all the posts in this sub-thread, so I'm picking and choosing. I believe the others are flawed, but doubt I'll be able to go through them in detail.

I did not say that Nikki is necessarily shown as being a neglectful mother in the sense of not loving Wood or endangering him, but that Wood feels her to be so which is shown as the inevitable result of her dual loyalties, thus disallowing the possibility of being a successful mother who works.

I believe this sentence fairly epitomizes your argument. I'm going to limit my response to this, but if you believe I left out anything, let me know.

Let me break this down a bit:

"Wood feels her to be so" -- Agreed.

"which is shown as the inevitable result of her dual loyalties" -- Disagree in part. What I think we're shown here is that Nikki suffered from the same affliction as all other slayers, including Buffy, namely, the sense of loneliness and isolation that is a nearly inevitable consequence of being "one girl in all the world" (who by the way is going to die young). This is exactly what Faith tells Buffy in End of Days.

Now, this loneliness and isolation does not mean that Nikki didn't love Robin, any more than it means Buffy doesn't love Dawn. But it does mean that Robin, like Dawn, may not understand the love because he and she sense that isolation and interpret it as not caring.

"thus disallowing the possibility of being a successful mother who works" -- Disagree entirely. Because the problem I identified above is unique to slayers, there is no general lesson to be drawn about working mothers.

From the very beginning, BtVS recognized that Buffy's special gift was both a blessing and a curse. Consider this dialogue from Doomed:

Buffy: "Yeah, but you're an amateur - fry cook and I come from a long line of fry cooks that don't live past 25."
Riley: "Which is exactly the attitude I'm talking about. Look, I know the risks of what we do. I also know it's more rewarding than any other job on the planet - and fun."
Buffy: "Fun? The last person I know that believed that is in a coma right now because she had so much fun on the job."
Riley: "I'm not saying that you shouldn't take your work seriously."
Buffy: "That I should just turn my frown upside down? Is that it? I wish I could. But this isn't the kind of gig where you can just hang it up at the end of the night and snuggle with your honey."
Riley: "But why? Why can't it be?"
Buffy: "Because I've tried it, okay? And every time it just fell apart. And then I get sucked right back in to the Uber-evil."


S7 is Buffy's night in Gethsemane. She knows she's special but doesn't really understand: "Why me?", a question even more poignant after her death and resurrection. She struggles with the sense of isolation first by withdrawing even more into her "special" coccoon, which only isolates her even more. But at the end, she solves the problem (if I can switch to metaphor on two levels here) by making immanent the Christ in all of us.

Replies:

[> Thank You -- sdev, 15:27:30 10/19/03 Sun

I want to voice my appreciation to all participants for the great civility of this thread. I know I raised a controversial, unpopular and disturbing (to me at least) interpretation. I did so with some trepidation. Thank you all for your thoughtful input.

I wanted to make one last point about the source of my discomfort. Aristotle in his chapter "Character" in Poetics had the following to say:

The 'Deus ex Machina' should be employed only for events external to the drama,-for antecedent or subsequent events, which lie beyond the range of human knowledge, and which require to be reported or foretold; for to the gods we ascribe the power of seeing all things. Within the action there must be nothing irrational. If the irrational cannot be excluded, it should be outside the scope of the tragedy. (http://www.identitytheory.com/etexts/poetics15.html)

I found a brief explanation of this:

"As in the structure of the plot, so too in the portraiture of character, the poet should always aim either at the necessary or the probable. Thus a person of a given character should speak or act in a given way, by the rule either of necessity or of probability; just as this event should follow that by necessary or probable sequence. It is therefore evident that the unraveling of the plot, no less than the complication, must arise out of the plot itself, it must not be brought about by the Deus ex Machina -- as in the Medea, or in the return of the Greeks in the Iliad. The Deus ex Machina should be employed only for events external to the drama -- for antecedent or subsequent events, which lie beyond the range of human knowledge, and which require to be reported or foretold; for to the gods we ascribe the power of seeing all things. Within the action there must be nothing irrational. If the irrational cannot be excluded, it should be outside the scope of the tragedy. Such is the irrational element the Oedipus of Sophocles." (http://www.thecore.nus.edu.sg/resources/poetics/15.html)

I believe this is the source of my lack of catharsis. Resolution for me seemed to take place outside the character.

[> Thank all of You -- fidhle, 19:57:13 10/19/03 Sun

I don't get to review the Board as much as I would like, and often just lurk, reading the postings. I want to thank all of the posters in this thread for a very illuminating and civilized discussion of what has been a contentious issue for many on the Board. Well done, all.

Fidhle

[> [> I concur. -- Sophist, 20:45:04 10/19/03 Sun


[> [> Re: Thank all of You -- jane, 00:36:09 10/20/03 Mon

It's been a very interesting discussion. I have in my mind's eye the image of this board as a kaleidoscope, with all the participants the coloured glass inside. Turn it one way, and one pattern emerges; another way and something completely different appears. Every piece of glass is needed to make up the various patterns.
I truly love this board! Thanks everyone for making it so enjoyable.

[> More follow up (should this be moved to 'Reply to Sophist thread'?) -- sdev, 23:48:14 10/17/03 Fri

This is short. Last night was a ramble.

I think you may be in trouble here. You made my argument for me. Slayers, our heroine included, are shown as (quoting you) ----

having a "sense of loneliness and isolation that is a nearly inevitable consequence of being 'one girl in all the world',"

that means "that Robin, like Dawn, may not understand the love because he and she sense that isolation and interpret it as not caring,"

"the problem I identified above is unique to slayers, there is no general lesson to be drawn about working mothers"

And the worst commentary of all from my perspective is that-- "From the very beginning, BtVS recognized that Buffy's special gift was both a blessing and a curse."

Now you can say that because Buffy and Nikki are Slayers and Slayers are equal to superheroes, no general message applicable to normal human characters or mothers apply to them. In which case, Buffy loses her status as feminist icon and all other comparisons are moot as well. She is outside the norms of human behavior and no sub-text or lessons may be drawn. The viewer can only stand back, look up, and admire the rarity. This of course greatly diminishes the entire character and story.

Or as is generally done, you can say that Buffy is a stand-in for girls growing up (early years) and young women reaching adulthood in which case the sub-text of Buffy as a girl/woman balancing career and personal life apply as well as myriad others we the viewers have enjoyed. But you can not do both. Buffy either is or is not a feminist role model or an attempt to be one. She is or is not a character that we the viewers can relate to on human terms.

As to Gethsemane I would say that was Season 6 not 7. And while I love religious metaphor, I only wish she had made "immanent the Christ in all of us." Instead she removed herself from the saviour role in order to move on to normalcy, neither heroic nor iconic, and inserted a selected few inexperienced and untested newbies in her stead to fill her shoes as the Chosen One.

[> [> Re: More follow up (should this be moved to 'Reply to Sophist thread'?) -- Rufus, 19:37:35 10/18/03 Sat

Instead she removed herself from the saviour role in order to move on to normalcy, neither heroic nor iconic, and inserted a selected few inexperienced and untested newbies in her stead to fill her shoes as the Chosen One.

Oh boy do we ever see things differently. Slayers have always started as potentials, helpless to do much til they get the power to wield. This left them open to murder like we saw at the begining of season seven. The potentials were already on the short list to be The Slayer, but only ONE had the power to properly protect the world and herself. Buffy changed that, which was foreshadowed in 'Same Time Same Place'......

BUFFY
I thought you were too tired.

WILLOW
It hurts too much not to try.

BUFFY
I'm sorry.

WILLOW
It just takes so much strength. I don't have that much.

BUFFY
I got so much strength, I'm giving it away.



I think of the Potentials as the wounded Willow who needed the strength to heal herself so she could carry on helping with the job of protectin the world. Just because Buffy 'gave away' power doesn't mean she was rendered powerless. I saw Chosen as a new begining not an end at all. That was obvious in the conversation at the edge of the destroyed Hellmouth.....

WILLOW
We changed the world. (walks up to Buffy's side) I can feel them, Buffy. All over. Slayers are awakening everywhere.

DAWN
We'll have to find them.

WILLOW
We will.



excerpt from the essay The Myth of Sisyphus by Albert Camus

All Sisyphus' silent joy is contained therein. His fate belongs to him. His rock is a thing Likewise, the absurd man, when he contemplates his torment, silences all the idols. In the universe suddenly restored to its silence, the myriad wondering little voices of the earth rise up. Unconscious, secret calls, invitations from all the faces, they are the necessary reverse and price of victory. There is no sun without shadow, and it is essential to know the night. The absurd man says yes and his efforts will henceforth be unceasing. If there is a personal fate, there is no higher destiny, or at least there is, but one which he concludes is inevitable and despicable. For the rest, he knows himself to be the master of his days. At that subtle moment when man glances backward over his life, Sisyphus returning toward his rock, in that slight pivoting he contemplates that series of unrelated actions which become his fate, created by him, combined under his memory's eye and soon sealed by his death. Thus, convinced of the wholly human origin of all that is human, a blind man eager to see who knows that the night has no end, he is still on the go. The rock is still rolling.

I leave Sisyphus at the foot of the mountain! One always finds one's burden again. But Sisyphus teaches the higher fidelity that negates the gods and raises rocks. He too concludes that all is well. This universe henceforth without a master seems to him neither sterile nor futile. Each atom of that stone, each mineral flake of that night filled mountain, in itself forms a world. The struggle itself toward the heights is enough to fill a man's heart. One must imagine Sisyphus happy.



It's easy to be miserly about power, to hold it to yourself, fear its loss in case it would diminish you, so the act of sharing the power is a courageous one. Buffy gave every potential the power while she is alive instead of power decending upon a solitary girl because another one just died. No potential can change their status, no chosen one could give back the power she was given, so why not share the burden among many? I felt that Buffy was pausing like Sisyphus, looking at what can be just before returning to the stuggle, no longer alone.

[> [> Re: More follow up (should this be moved to 'Reply to Sophist thread'?) -- Arethusa, 21:51:23 10/18/03 Sat

Whedon has said he wanted BtVS to show we are all heroes just for growing up-overcoming all the demons we all face to truly become adults. Buffy did what she was supposed to do-she grew up. Now she is able to move on. Buffy's slayer strength is the strength we all have to help us overcome our own demons. She passed on her strength to the younger girls, and in doing so she tells them it is inside them all, and they can use to become what she is. Buffy is us, and we are all heroes.

But she's not the first slayer to reach this point. Nikki is. Nikki is a feminist superhero, who chose to uphold her duty and still have the family she must have wanted very much. Crowley was no Giles, which we can infer from Wood's attitude towards slayers, and it's doubtful he encouraged her to raise a child. But she overcame all obstacles and kept her child. The way Nikki is presented-patient, loving mother and tough, gifted slayer-is very similar to Buffy in a way, taking into account that we know very little about Nikki. That's not a negative portrayal. In fact, they both died, too, killed by powerful vampires. Buffy's cause of death was different, however, and she was revived. I never believed Nikki had a death wish. She simply fought too hard to be suicidal, in my opinion. She had too much to live for. I can't think of any reasons to support the idea that Nikki was wrong to be a slayer and mother. Or that ME meant to say that when they consequently showed Buffy as a slayer who was also a mother.

You see, unlike you I had a mother who loved me back.

How on earth would Spike know what kind of mother Nikki was? Stalking her doesn't mean he knew her. That's such a patently false statement that we really have to look at why Spike is lying. Spike lived with Darla and Angelus for decades. He knows very well that what a person was informs what they will become as a vampire. He know his vampire mother Ann probably meant some of what she said to him, and he can't accept it. So he lies to cover up his insecurities-not for the first time. Or maybe he simply hasn't overcome his 100 years of cruelty, after one year ensouled. Angel's still working on it 100 years after being souled. Spike has a compass, but not a handbook.

(Just my way of looking at it.)

[> [> [> Re: More follow up (should this be moved to 'Reply to Sophist thread'?) -- sdev, 23:04:12 10/18/03 Sat

"Nikki is a feminist superhero"

If only. Alas for what could have been with but the smallest bit of authorial encouragement. She should have been. It was the perfect set up and timing for that portrayal. But the embittered and vengeful Wood negated that image not Spike's words.

"Crowley was no Giles, which we can infer from Wood's attitude towards slayers, and it's doubtful he encouraged her to raise a child."

The image I got of Crowley was of a more fatherly figure than Giles. Can you see Giles raising Dawn if Buffy had died. I could not. Crowley raised Wood. I consider that quite something and yet not enough for Wood. He turned out to be a stalking methodical killer.

As to Spike's words "You see, unlike you I had a mother who loved me back," they are not the problem. Spike is just the Cassandra for Wood's pre-existing doubts. It is not the reality of Nikki's love that is in question. It is the fact that Wood does not believe she loved him that is his issue.

[> [> [> [> Re: More follow up (should this be moved to 'Reply to Sophist thread'?) -- yabyumpan, 00:36:52 10/19/03 Sun

Interesting the different interpreations of Wood. I actually saw him as pretty well adjusted. He'd lost his mother at a very young age to a violent death and was brought up by someone who probably had very little experience of parenting. And yet he'd managed to get to his mid-thirties (I'm presuming) and to live a pretty stable life. I have no idea what the qualifications are for a School Principal in the US but I would imagine that there's a fair amount of studying involved and a lot of assesment. If all he was was a stalking methodical killer, then he'd be in prison not in charge of a High School. Yes, he did go to Sunnydale specifically because of the Hellmouth/Buffy and it does seem that he carried on his mother's work outside of his own work but he still seemed to be doing a pretty good job as School Pricipal
It was only when he discovered that his mother's killer was also in SD that he went over the edge. Yes, by that time Spike had a soul and was not technically the same Vamp who killed Nikki and I think on an intellectual level Wood understood that. The problem is that it wasn't an intellectual problem. Imagine if someone you loved had been killed by someone high on drugs. You meet them 30 years later when they've been clean for a year. Does the fact that they are no longer high take away the pain you've been carrying all those years? While the drugs may have gone it's still the same face that smirked,it's still the same voice that mocked and it's still the same hands that twisted her neck.

I don't see how Woods feelings of pain about the death of his mother and his feelings of revenge negate anything about Nikki, anymore than Spike's spiteful words and lack of remourse do. She was a powerful woman who did the best she could for her son while trying to do the toughest job in the world. The fact that she was able to produce a son who would go on to help and mentor other children in what we were only shown was a positive way, plus the fact that she probably saved hundreds of lives during her time as a Slayer certainly puts her up there on the Feminist Superhero platform. Saving hundreds of lives and producing a useful member of society is probably more that most of us manage to do.

[> [> [> [> [> Re: More follow up (should this be moved to 'Reply to Sophist thread'?) -- jane, 01:02:57 10/19/03 Sun

I agree, Wood's reaction was an emotional, not rational response to being faced with the person who took away his mother. How he responded to this has little to do with the person Nikki was, more with his own pain. I doubt that Spike knew anything much about who Nikki was besides the Slayer, and anything he said to Wood was his way of twisting the knife (metaphorically) in Wood's wounds. None of this was about Nikki's parenting ability. It was about anger and vengeance, and where these things lead.

[> [> [> [> [> [> Re: More follow up (should this be moved to 'Reply to Sophist thread'?) -- Ann, 15:44:04 10/19/03 Sun

I also think that Nikki's life (and Wood) were potentially Buffy's future fears come true. Being the slayer, and being a mother would be a complicated nightmare. Wood's life story represented the pure fear Buffy had about becoming a mother. The isolation, the nights away, the possibility that she wouldn't be there in the morning to make breakfast much like Joyce was able to be. Imagine the daycare complications.
Buffy saw in Woods reaction, what her child might think of her. Yes Wood did become a good citizen (therefore he must have been given a good foundation from Nikki) but the vengence he carried in his heart,with extreemely good reason, wore down on him. Being a victim of violence is hard to bear and recover from. Not something you wish for your child. As a mother, one of your worst fears for your child is for you to die. Life is hard enough for a kid and who would wish that on their child. Buffy would have realized all of this.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> Re: More follow up (should this be moved to 'Reply to Sophist thread'?) -- Dlgood, 16:06:40 10/19/03 Sun

When she finds out he's the son of the slayer, she get's quite excited - one of the rare times Buffy appears genuinrly happy since early S5. The existence of Wood give her hope that she can have a child (IMHO something she'd given up on long ago) and a family legacy of her own. And Wood seems like the type of man a mother would be proud of.

But, LMPTM takes a bit of the bloom off the rose for her. Reminding her once again (of something I think she already knew) just how hard that life would be for her child.

[> [> [> [> Re: More follow up (should this be moved to 'Reply to Sophist thread'?) -- Dlgood, 09:46:00 10/19/03 Sun

If only. Alas for what could have been with but the smallest bit of authorial encouragement. She should have been. It was the perfect set up and timing for that portrayal. But the embittered and vengeful Wood negated that image not Spike's words.
--------------------------

On this, I disagree. All throughout S7, Spike speaks with authority and is generally given the uncontradicted last word. After a while, I began to conclude that he spoke for the authors. Even though I personally believe Spike was full of hooey, I'm not convinced the authors shared that sentiment.

[> [> i don't think she removed herself -- anom, 22:36:09 10/19/03 Sun

"Instead she removed herself from the saviour role in order to move on to normalcy, neither heroic nor iconic, and inserted a selected few inexperienced and untested newbies in her stead to fill her shoes as the Chosen One."

How has she left the savior role behind? It seems clear at the end of Chosen that Buffy & the Scoobies will continue the work of saving the world from evil, by finding & mentoring the new Slayers. These "newbies" won't stand in her stead; rather, they'll join her in fulfilling the savior role (or at least have the chance to), after having what Buffy didn't: the chance to become experienced & tested under the tutelage (cross another one off the words-I've-always-wanted-to-use list) of Slayers who do have experienc--&, even more important, not to face the evil alone. And that role will itself become more normal, rather than being something they have to remove themselves from if they want to be normal.

[> [> [> Re: i don't think she removed herself -- jane, 22:46:02 10/19/03 Sun

I think you're right. "Chosen" represents the beginning of the next part of Buffy's journey. That this part would be a continuation of her calling seemed obvious to me as I watched. She still is Chosen, after all. Just not alone in that anymore.

[> [> Re: More follow up (should this be moved to 'Reply to Sophist thread'?) -- angel's nibblet, 00:18:52 10/18/03 Sat

"inserted a selected few inexperienced and untested newbies in her stead to fill her shoes as the Chosen One."

Then again this would have happened anyway when Buffy died, which she eventually would have, one of the many potentials would have been called and possibly be trained from scratch, which is exactly what happened to Buffy, and look how she turned out.

[> [> Can I agree with Sdev *and* Sophist? -- Rahael, 08:18:21 10/18/03 Sat

I identified with Buffy because of her sense of isolation and loneliness. That is what drew me to her. Her otherness, sense of apartness. The grappling with who she was, what she was, the kind of choices open to her, what she could do. I think Sophist put it very well.

And, drawing on from this, there is a sense of disappointment with the lost opportunities of S7, which might have shown Buffy, with the maturity of her years, the confidence she should have drawn from coming back from the brink in S6, finally negotiated her way into adulthood. I wish that the smile on her face at the end wasn't something that just occurred in the final episode. I wish we would could have had a whole season slowly building up to it, showing her finally putting together her heart, head, spirit, hand. She disconnected from the viewer for too long. I wonder whether the writers lost her, just as they lost Anya.

(And I too loved the religious metaphors.)

[> [> [> End of a Phase -- Claudia, 11:38:14 10/20/03 Mon

[And, drawing on from this, there is a sense of disappointment with the lost opportunities of S7, which might have shown Buffy, with the maturity of her years, the confidence she should have drawn from coming back from the brink in S6, finally negotiated her way into adulthood. I wish that the smile on her face at the end wasn't something that just occurred in the final episode. I wish we would could have had a whole season slowly building up to it, showing her finally putting together her heart, head, spirit, hand. She disconnected from the viewer for too long. I wonder whether the writers lost her, just as they lost Anya.]

Buffy had not finished maturing by the end of Season 7. Her story isn't over yet, as I had explained on another post. The entire seven seasons was merely about one phase in her life - that passage from adolescence to adulthood. And as I have stated on the previous post, some of the best sagas I have read or viewed do not end with a "happily ever after" tag. Each have ended with the completion of a phase in the main characters' lives. I think that Season 7 did a great job in bringing Buffy's character to the brink of adulthood. She finally learned to confront some of her worst flaws. She also learned what it was like to be an authority figure herself, the very people with whom she had often clashed with in the past - whether as a parent/guardian (as Dawn's sole guardian), a member of the school faculty (as school counselor) and most importantly as psuedo-Watcher (as the Potentials' trainer and leader).

[> [> [> not legally -- skeeve, 13:44:58 10/20/03 Mon


[> [> [> Re: Can I agree with Sdev *and* Sophist? -- DEN, 09:47:01 10/18/03 Sat

The more I view my tapes of s7, the more convinced I become that what the writers did was not so much lose Buffy as switch metaphor. The show for the first six years was essentially a "police procedural:" the mission involved a "thin slayer line" keeping an unaware and disinterested society safe from the forces of darkness and entropy. In s7, the framework became that of a war story. The SITS were like the Marine squad in "Sands of Iwo Jima." Buffy, from being the central figure of an emotionally-bonded surrogate family , was transformed into a commanding officer: "General Buffy." Similar points of difference can be multiplied almost at will--the acceptance, for example, that some deaths are inevitableis an essential contrast to the Buffy at the end of s5, who refuses to consider losing anybody.

The two approaches, policing and warmaking, are essentially different in American cultural structures. The adjustment was possible to make, but I have a sense The writers and preoducers simply lacked enough familiarity with the "war story" genre to pull it off--especially given everything else happening with the series.

[> [> [> [> Very interesting -- Rahael, 10:36:54 10/18/03 Sat

In the archived thread I was appealing for a good explanation as to the use of the miltary metaphor and how it fits into the larger Buffy arc. Why do you think the shift was made?

And the point about the disposability of the infantry is a striking point.

[> [> [> [> [> Re: Very interesting -- Celebaelin, 02:07:21 10/19/03 Sun

Rah, I know how sensitive you are to issues of this sort so please forgive me if any of this is too harsh for you, it shouldn't be and I hope that you will read it, I did after all write it for your consideration.

C

And the point about the disposability of the infantry is a striking point.

I think you are mixing up the inevitability of the loss of life in conducting a war with a callousness regarding the lives of men in units under his control that no General can afford. The ancient concept of the Pyrrhic victory is even more valid today when the equipment and training of the troops is such that their lives have a definable, and not inconsiderable, financial value to say nothing of the time it would take to make good losses of men and materiel and the humanitarian and strategic implications of heavy casualties.

"Such another victory and we are ruined."

Pyrrhus King of Epirus (319-272 BC)
Commenting on the costliness of his victory at the Battle of Asculum 279 BC
Life of Pyrrhus Plutarch


As regards the introduction of military metaphor I think that is a point about the acceptance of responsibility. Buffy has fine credentials as regards self-sacrifice but to accept the role of leader and be effective in that role implies that your life is less expendable than those of the people who serve under you. This, and the divisions it causes, is something of the message of S7 until Chosen. As an over-simplification and a not entirely direct parallel with the events depicted, the capture of a high ranking officer who is in possession of the details of unit strengths and deployments is a disaster as regards existing plans (or must be assumed to be one) and the lives of subordinate ranks will be placed in jeopardy to prevent it. Deaths are, needless to say, always a tragedy but that is the nature of war: chaotic, tragic and brutal. No army likes to loose (you could end this sentence here) high ranking officers, it makes everybody feel that they haven't done their jobs properly.

I include this second quote as I feel you may like it

"War is, after all, the universal perversion. We are all tainted: if we cannot experience our perversion at first hand we spend our time reading war stories, the pornography of war; or seeing war films, the blue films of war; or titillating our senses with the imagination of great deeds, the masturbation of war."

John Rae
The Custard Boys Ch. 6

[> [> [> [> [> [> Not harsh at all, and I agree completely -- Rahael, 08:13:03 10/19/03 Sun

Hence my mourning in the archived thread that Buffy was a particularly incompetent general, and aren't good generals meant to be inspiring?

And they don't piss off vital members of the troops to cuddle with another one either!!!

Actually, one of my sensitivities does extend to the callous treatment infantry can sometimes receive. These young men who committed atrocities had been thrown into a terrible situation and given power they hadn't earned. I felt they were brutalised. It took me a while before I could recognise their humanity (mostly after I didn't have to encounter them any more). My aunt recently met a young man who sobbed and sobbed as he recounted all the people he had tortured, before he went on to talk about decision to order the assassination of my mother (I don't think he knew who my aunt was).

My aunt went to the bathroom and gritted her teeth, fighting the temptation to throw him out of her office. This is the real world of conflict, of the battle between 'soldiers' and those who defy them, and who consequently get cut down. This is the world of justice and 'vengeance'. It's far more complex and harder and agonizing than anything ME produced in Lies.

And thank you for engaging with me on this issue - it's always appreciated!!

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> Re: Not harsh at all, and I agree completely -- Dlgood, 08:23:03 10/19/03 Sun

Hence my mourning in the archived thread that Buffy was a particularly incompetent general, and aren't good generals meant to be inspiring?

Actually, one of my sensitivities does extend to the callous treatment infantry can sometimes receive.
-------------------------------

Because BtVS, in the hast to show Buffy as being "right", ME sidestepped the duty of the General to see to the morale and well being of the troops. I think ME was trying to do something about that after "Empty Places" (Buffy is criticised for not even knowing their names) but IMHO never went far enough to address or admit just how poor a job of leadership she'd done - and was far more focused on her self-pity and feelings of being wronged.

It's a very notable contradiction of how AtS handled Wesley's generalship in Pylea, and his S3 discussion of leadership with Gunn. I think that was handled far better, storywise, than S7 Buffy.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> Re: Not harsh at all, and I agree completely -- sdev, 11:47:58 10/19/03 Sun

I'm so sorry for your pain. And I apologize if I contributed in some way including by bringing up this thread.

The writers I would guess had no real world experience of the tragic kind you are describing. Thus they were only able to depict in black and white terms what is powerfully messy. Especially if they meant to comment on the war, they entered territory unknown to them.

The character of Buffy was never meant to command an army, even the help of the SG was an extraordinary move for the Slayer who was supposed to act alone. In S6 Buffy was too preoccupied to even notice Willow's magic problems. Now Willow has her attention but she hasn't the faintest idea what to do with the Potentials whose worlds have been brutally stripped away. She acknowledges her shortcomings in Touched, I believe. She is aware that she hasn't the faintest idea what to do leading these girls. For this I can't fault her because how should she know? She never asked for them. Circumstances dumped them in her lap.

I also can understand Buffy's reaction to Wood as a reaction to his betrayal of her. She was also a victim of the plot Wood and Giles hatched. She was manipulated and lied to, and her specific plea that Spike be left alone was ignored. While Wood was not an important figure to her, Giles was and that must have been very painful for her in the first few moments of her discovery. Also the pictures on the screen are less harsh than the words spoken. Buffy bends over and is ministering to Wood's injuries. In later episodes she inquires as to his physical injuries.

That she never discusses or wants to address Spike's killing of Nikki, a Slayer and mother, is interesting from another perspective. She probably doesn't want to think too much on that for fear of igniting her own reaction to Spike. She is trying to treat him as a new person because of the soul and because she needs him right now. To open up that past would create conflicts in her so she does what she has often done, repress. In all fairness she implements that standard for herself and expects it from others including Wood.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Re: Not harsh at all, and I agree completely -- celticross, 13:41:16 10/19/03 Sun

*sigh* I wish I could find an eloquent and sensible way to articulate my problems with the Buffy-as-general storyline.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Thank you -- Rahael, 14:42:51 10/19/03 Sun

And don't worry - you did nothing to cause me any pain. I'm still a little shocked at what a visceral reaction I've had to this episode! Both yours and OnM's explanations do go some way to reconciling me to what the writers may have been trying to do. But mostly, I think, I'm still a little taken aback at many of the decisions they made last season.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Re: Thank you -- DEN, 15:36:40 10/19/03 Sun

At the risk of overkill, and begging OnM's pardon for turf-poaching, I suggest that there is a near-perfect metaphor for s7 in what is sometimes called the "fighter squadron movie," though it can also be set on the ground. The classic example is "Dawn Patrol," done between the world Wars in two versions. The most familiar stars Errol Flynn and David Niven.

The generic story begins with an ace pilot who takes responsibility only for himself, but then is ordered to assume command of the squadron. Now he has to cope with leading and training a bunch of inexperienced pilots who are constantly being shot down by the enemy. The old friends on whom he tries to rely either do not understand, are unsympathetic, or are themselves burnout cases who can no longer live with their memories (AH plays s7 Willow almost perfectly to that type. All she needs is a half-full bottle of whisky on the table in front of her).

The plot can be resolved in several different ways. Important for present purposes is the story line. We talk so much about "General Buffy" that we overlook her actual role. It's LIEUTENANT Buffy--a junior officer who fights alongside those she commands, and to a significant degree must lead by example Her "army" is metaphorical. The actual numbers are those of a fighter squadron or a rifle platoon: two or three dozen,tops.

As has been said above, it is clear that Buffy does not know how to do this. Her history is of a solo performer, with the scoobies playing necessary but supporting roles. But the things the show tries, from the close-order drill consucted by "Sergeant" Kennedy to Buffy's demonstration, complete with grandstand, of how to kill an uebervamp, are all borrowed from this war-movie genre. (And from history. In both World Wars, it was common for a CO to take a new man on patrol and show him how to shoot down an enemy plane--managing it so that the fledgeling got credit for the kill if possible).

Rah, you ask why this shift was undertaken. My theory is that the growing isolation of the Scoobies from everyday life, a development often discussed on this forum, made it impossible to fulfil Joss' stated intention of returning to the show's roots. Instead, by default, the writers took it in another new direction: towards the war-story genre. They understood that genre (Which is complex and richly textured on its own terms) just well enough to outline it, but lacked the fingertip feel to develop it convincingly.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> BtVS Remodelled? -- Rahael, 15:47:58 10/19/03 Sun

Excellent, thanks DEN!

You really did make me look at some key moments in a different way. And it really does cast Chosen in a different light. Buffy sharing the 'command' with those who take her orders. And I like the idea of Giles as the mentor-General that Buffy outgrows and ultimatlely overtakes. I don't think I've seen Dawn Patrol, but I've seen enough B&W war movies to get what you're referring to.

Hmmmm. Musing on this some more!

(Of course, my favourite 'war' movie is "A matter of life and death", which comes to mind because David Niven is the hero, playing an RAF pilot. Recommend it to everyone)

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Re: BtVS Remodelled? -- Dlgood, 15:59:10 10/19/03 Sun

Whereas my favorite war movie is "Paths of Glory". So naturally, I was quite a bit alarmed by Buffy's repeated insistence on going to the Vineyard in "Empty Places".

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Re: BtVS Remodelled? -- DEN, 16:16:17 10/19/03 Sun

Exactly! And fans of the war/action-adventure genre can cite a dozen similar problems without straining. It is certainly possible to interpret them internally and say they are meant to highlight Buffy's shortcomings as a "patriarchal" leader, or the general deficiencies of that model. But I'm also comfortable seeing these things as reflecting the production team's lack of familiarity with a genre that is essentially different from the ones on which the series had ben based till s7. It's interesting to note that those kinds of problems were not prominent on "Farspace," which did show comfortable familiarity with the conventions of the war/action genre.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Which brings up even more problems with Buffy's S7 leadership -- KdS, 11:13:01 10/20/03 Mon

If Buffy's meant to be leading a military unit, then she fails completely because her actions and speeches actually work against unity and suggest that the potentials are competing against each other to be the best lone warrior. There's the way she kills the Turok-Hahn alone, which may have been meant to demonstrate their own power to the Potentials but just reinforced their feeling that they were helpless and she was protecting them. There's also the "don't let it be you" speech which arguably creates such perfect cohesion and team spirit that Chloe lets herself be nagged into suicide rather than seek help from anyone else. And Buffy's reaction to Chloe's death, that she was weak, simply reinforces that again.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Re: Which brings up even more problems with Buffy's S7 leadership -- Claudia, 11:50:47 10/20/03 Mon

Season 7 saw a reversal role in that we saw the world through the eyes of an adult Buffy, rather than an adolescent one. And through this new viewpoint, we watched Buffy deal with issues from this new adult POV - whether as a parent/guardian, school authority figure and psuedo-Watcher. Because Buffy is a young adult, she was bound to repeat the mistakes of her authority figures from the past - including the mistakes that the Watchers' Council made with her.

She never really gave the Potentials the choice to become part of her "army" against the First Evil. She inflicted Quentin Travers-like speeches upon them, and insisted upon them following her orders. She made the mistake of treating them as tools in a war - in the very same way that the Watchers' Council used her and previous Slayers. Fortunately for Buffy, the events of "Empty Places" and "Touched" made her realize her mistake, and in the end did something that the Shadowmen and the WC were never able to do - give the Potentials a choice on whether to fight or not. By giving them a choice, Buffy not only empowered the Potentials, but also herself. By giving them a choice, even the usually reluctant Rona seemed willing to fight by Buffy's side.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> It's not exactly that -- Dlgood, 16:03:34 10/20/03 Mon

Because even if Buffy sees and treats them as tools, and this is a wrong thing, she doesn't even do it well.

Buffy's acts were Machiavellian leadership attitudes, without any of Machiavelli's wisdom or skill. View your troops as tools - smart. Let them know you see them as tools - stupid. And so on...

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Re: It's not exactly that -- Claudia, 12:23:15 10/21/03 Tue

[Because even if Buffy sees and treats them as tools, and this is a wrong thing, she doesn't even do it well.

Buffy's acts were Machiavellian leadership attitudes, without any of Machiavelli's wisdom or skill. View your troops as tools - smart. Let them know you see them as tools - stupid. And so on...]

I think I had more or less said the same thing . . .

"Because Buffy is a young adult, she was bound to repeat the mistakes of her authority figures from the past - including the mistakes that the Watchers' Council made with her.

She never really gave the Potentials the choice to become part of her "army" against the First Evil. She inflicted Quentin Travers-like speeches upon them, and insisted upon them following her orders. She made the mistake of treating them as tools in a war - in the very same way that the Watchers' Council used her and previous Slayers."

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Thanks for Clarification -- Dlgood, 13:21:23 10/21/03 Tue

That they are tools, isn't the issue for me. By way of comparison, Wesley sees everyone (inlcuding himself) as tools in the war against evil. Yet, with Faith in S4, he shows enough concern for her to see that he also cares about her. It allows him to retain her morale, respect and loyalty even as he sends her out to possibly die.

Whether or not the SiT's should be treated as tools, and whether Buffy does this are IMHO separate questions. I didn't quite get that on my first reading of your post, but on further review it's there.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Slightly different situation -- KdS, 13:54:58 10/21/03 Tue

Given that Faith was still on a massive self-hatred kick at the time and saw a heroic and redeeming death as something unambiguously positive.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> Re: Not harsh at all, and I agree completely -- Celebaelin, 17:40:19 10/19/03 Sun

Let me assure you that I am not engaged as regards the matter of atrocities.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> Glad you appreciate the niceties -- Celebaelin, 17:54:20 10/19/03 Sun


[> [> [> you can always agree with me. -- sdev, 14:02:14 10/18/03 Sat

"the lost opportunities of S7" was how I felt. And at the end I was asking-- "Buffy who are you?"

[> [> [> [> Who is Buffy? -- Lunasea, 19:00:30 10/18/03 Sat

Marti put it best:

"She started as this isolated, reluctant heroine who wasn't able to control or grasp her abilities. And by the end she was someone who'd not only mastered her abilities, but was then able to give them to others. That's a really beautiful character arc."

I don't think anything else needs to be said. In case is does, also from Marti

"...she's gone from being a person who lived with the onus of her responsibilities, to being a person who realizes that if you give everyone the power there's freedom and power in that."

[> [> [> [> I can? -- Random, 15:30:07 10/18/03 Sat



[> [> [> [> [> In your case it may be may -- sdev, 23:17:24 10/18/03 Sat


[> [> Is Buffy a feminist icon? -- Sophist, 10:34:06 10/18/03 Sat

Or is she a metaphor for all of us, male and female?

I think it's the latter. I repeat manwitch's mantra: Buffy is us. She has no color, she has no gender, she has no age; she is a universal figure.

Now you can say that because Buffy and Nikki are Slayers and Slayers are equal to superheroes, no general message applicable to normal human characters or mothers apply to them.

I don't see it as quite such and either-or proposition. If, by your logic, Buffy stands in for all women in all cases, then she can't really be unique, chosen. The way around this is to recognize the tension between someone who is a universal figure and yet unique. The uniqueness may give rise to certain issues particular to Buffy, and I believe the show has recognized this from the beginning (The Harvest: "I'm the slayer and you're not"). The isolation that comes from that has been a persistent theme, yet that theme would make no sense if we had to see Buffy as Everywoman in every case.

S7 attempted to resolve that tension. I happen to love the resolution.

Instead she removed herself from the saviour role in order to move on to normalcy, neither heroic nor iconic

I see it differently. She didn't remove herself from the saviour role, she made all of us saviours. She is now "normal" only in the sense that we no longer live through her, but with her.

[> [> [> Re: Is Buffy a feminist icon? -- sdev, 21:41:00 10/18/03 Sat

I can readily accept in theory that Buffy is us. Buffy doesn't have to stand for women in particular, although the authors would argue with you there. But as a practical matter she is a woman and thus stands for them on some level in the minds of viewers. To say otherwise is both to contradict reality and diminish her meaning. In the end only girls got empowered. If this is a blind alley I am certainly lost.

Buffy can be universal and have more specific meanings at the same time. She can stand as a general example of all maturation and also more narrowly teenage girls' angst growing up. But I don't see as legitimate the attempt to say some real life human comparisons can be made but others do not apply.

"If, by your logic, Buffy stands in for all women in all cases, then she can't really be unique, chosen. The way around this is to recognize the tension between someone who is a universal figure and yet unique."

So you draw the line of uniqueness where? Not a stand in for all women, any women, any men? And where then is her universality? Why do you remove from the realm of metaphor the uniqueness and isolation Buffy feels which fits in quite effortlessly with the real world problems of people today?

The contradiction between both the every woman and the uniqueness inherent in Buffy is the core of her problem and ours as a society which tends to categorize and thus diminish potential, particularly in women. Buffy's sense of isolation and conflict between aspects of her person and life, her sense of the crushing weight of crises, her myth-sized relationship troubles are all fodder for the metaphor mill. We are all the heroes of our own lives.

"she made all of us saviours"

Actually Buffy made only a very few selected girls saviours. I have trouble with how this works on a literal level even within the story. And I don't, as Rufus has suggested, have a problem with Buffy giving others power, per se, I just don't see where it fixes Buffy or the world.

Rufus quotes Camus:

"But Sisyphus teaches the higher fidelity that negates the gods and raises rocks. He too concludes that all is well. This universe henceforth without a master seems to him neither sterile nor futile. Each atom of that stone, each mineral flake of that night filled mountain, in itself forms a world. The struggle itself toward the heights is enough to fill a man's heart. "

That quote from Camus actually embodies what I think. Debunk the external master and find the master within yourself.

[> [> [> [> Re: Is Buffy a feminist icon? -- Sophist, 08:14:40 10/19/03 Sun

I think we've kind of talked this through. Rather than respond to individual points you raised, let me add a few points about the meaning Buffy has for me. In doing so, I'm not making any comment on your own interpretation of Buffy. I'm just sharing my thoughts.

I know that it's common to speak of Buffy as a feminist icon. JW has implied this, reviewers cite it in support, authors write books with that as the theme, it's a commonplace on the net. This means something a little different to me than it may mean to others.

In one sense, having Buffy as a feminist icon (TM) may mean that the message we get from her and from the show is directed mostly (exclusively?) to women. That is, that feminism is a way to empower women, to encourage them to work through the specific problems they face. I think that this interpretation of the show is very valuable; certainly I felt my own daughters watched with this perspective and learned from it.

But the show always meant something different to me. To me, feminism is a lens, a perspective, through which to view human problems. In my interpretation, the message Buffy sends is not just for women, it's for all of us, male and female alike. I never saw Buffy face a problem as a woman, I saw her face a problem as a person. She stood for me, even though I'm male.

When Buffy empowered the Potentials, I felt she empowered me. And everyone else too. She didn't diminish or reject her own power, she made me aware of and enhanced my own.

As I said somewhere above, I always felt a tension in the show's central metaphor: if only one is Chosen, can she really stand for me? The answer is yes, as long as the metaphor holds. But the metaphor is unstable precisely because it has to focus on a unique individual while symbolizing all of us. Chosen resolved this dilemma. Look around, Buffy says. If you can be a Slayer, you will be a slayer. Can stand up, will stand up. You are me after all.

[> [> [> [> [> Re: Is Buffy a feminist icon? -- sdev, 11:10:40 10/19/03 Sun

"Look around, Buffy says. If you can be a Slayer, you will be a slayer. Can stand up, will stand up. You are me after all."

Very well spoken. Even if there is a bit of spin, it's one I like because it addresses the issue of the inherent power inside not the external power granted. I will think more.

And thanks for a great discussion.

[> [> [> [> [> [> Re: Is Buffy a feminist icon? -- Dlgood, 11:42:57 10/19/03 Sun

I was going to make the comment that, if you weren't already one of the "Chosen people", Buffy wouldn't have anything to offer.

But, then I remembered that I'm Jewish. :-)

[> [> [> [> [> [> Thank you. In both senses. -- Sophist, 15:46:15 10/19/03 Sun


[> [> [> [> Who did Buffy empower? -- Lunasea, 09:33:18 10/19/03 Sun

In the end only girls got empowered. If this is a blind alley I am certainly lost.

Let's see, there's Angel. Had to bring him back so the fans could see how far he came. Spike. He would have been the First's meat puppet if it wasn't for "She believes in me." Giles. Buffy empowered him to get beyond the Patriarchy that was imprissioning him. Xander. Buffy showed him that he was still valuable to her even if he couldn't fight. Andrew. Buffy got him to mourn Jonathan's death.

Actually Buffy made only a very few selected girls saviours.

Actually, Spike is the one that did the saving. The Scythe Spell is balanced by Spike being the one to clean up.

[> [> [> [> [> Re: Who did Buffy empower? -- Claudia, 14:44:28 10/22/03 Wed

I would like to add Willow, Dawn, Wood, Anya and Faith - via Angel and Wood.

[> [> [> Well said indeed... -- Random, 11:15:21 10/18/03 Sat

I see it differently. She didn't remove herself from the saviour role, she made all of us saviours. She is now "normal" only in the sense that we no longer live through her, but with her.

Nor do I perceive there to be something wrong with normalcy. In the very end, Buffy manages to distill all the best qualities of the Scooby Gang in her person. She become the leader and mentor of the SiT's and the SG, as Giles was, transcending generalissimo Buffy. She became the spiritual leader as well, sharing her power with the Potentials all over the world. And, finally, she became, as you say, universal. At last, the title of Everyman (Everywoman) finally has an application that no longer needs struggling metaphors to rationalize. She isn't reduced to normalcy. She achieves it. For now we've come to a complete circle. The Buffy of S1 (oh so long ago) was introduced with the hook -- she wanted to be a normal kid. It was the source of the tension in the beginning. But something beautiful happened. From this rather ordinary thematic and plot device was created a much more powerful narrative of pain, suffering, triumph and redemption. In the end, Buffy is who she is. And she may still have her powers, may still kick some ass, but she has finally become not the Slayer but a Slayer. What a difference an article makes, the simple change in one of the most unconsidered parts of speech contains profundities. Neither Faith nor Kendra truly lifted her burden -- Kendra died a year after being called, while Faith, of course, went to the dark side. I remember Kendra telling Buffy, "it's who you are" and now I see finally what Kendra inadvertently touched on: she wasn't referring to Buffy's power, or even her drive. She wasn't saying, IMO, that Buffy could choose no other life. She was saying that Buffy did choose that life, and it is choice that makes her truly a Slayer. Kendra never really chose. She was raised and indoctrinated from early childhood in the path of the Slayer. Buffy, however, did choose. And, more to the point, she gave the SiT's the choice. Very specifically. They could fight, maybe die, or run away. (Okay, so no-one got a choice in whether to receive Slayer Powers, but that's another issue.) If being normal contraindicates being heroic, then Giles and Xander and Gunn and Wesley and (until recently, anyway) Cordy aren't
heroic. I can't buy that thesis. They are all heroes, and, in a sense, all iconic. What they are iconic of, what heroism they embody, those change and are the topic of other threads. But Buffy, to me, is a feminist icon even over and above the empowering of so many women in Chosen -- for what can be more feminist than the right to choose one's own life, to be what one wants to be?

BTW, I may get back to the mother's thread. I'm just kinda burned out for the sec. Tired, you understand. Hopefully I'll find motivation before this thread is archived.

[> [> [> Re: Buffy is us -- manwitch, 14:25:37 10/18/03 Sat

I confess I side with Sophist on this, and not just because he flatters me by including my name in his argument.

The parents thread was interesting, but I really do wish that everybody would read and reread and really think about lunasea's posts in that thread. I think the point to be considered is not what the ultimate interpretation is, but how we come to it, what we include, what matters in the process of interpretation.

Buffy the Vampire Slayer is appropriately named. It is about Buffy. The "meaning" of the series has to do with Buffy, what happens to her on her journey. This relates back to literary skills. Buffy is the protagonist. The message being sent by the authors, whatever it may be, has to do with this particular protagonist, what her goals and needs are, what obstacles she faces along the journey towards them, how she overcomes those obstacles, and most importantly, in true protagonist fashion, how she changes and develops as a result.

All the other characters contribute to that story. They do not hijack it, they do not replace it. This is ultimately the story of Buffy the Vampire Slayer. So when you look at any aspect of the story, or what is being depicted, in order to really interpret it in relation to the meaning of the series, or in relation to "what the authors are saying," you have to aknowledge how what your talking about relates to Buffy's story. To depict in a work of art a murder or a rape is not the same thing as advocating it. How does what is depicted relate to the entire work?

So to the case in point, Wood is not the central character. His significance is in how he relates to Buffy, how his presence influences Buffy's development. The backstory we get about Wood to flesh out his character gives us information to help us understand this character's relationship to Buffy. But it does not, independent of Buffy's development, tell us anything about the message the authors are trying to send. To say that Nikki is an example of a mother unable to harmonize the roles of working mother and loving mother is not at all the same thing as attributing to the authors the message that the two rolls are necessarily incompatible. Not that Nikki is an example of that. I agree with Sophist there as well. The fact is, mothers do have responsibilities other than loving their children. And sometimes they must do the best they can to do what's best for their children in the actual circumstances in which they live. That in itself is loving, whether or not the child is capable of recognizing it. There is no ideal for mothers to slip into where the realities of their lives disappear.

And, as lunasea also pointed out repeatedly, the "message" of the show is not about parents anyway. Parents effect the message, but the message is how people develop the ability to love, to share, to take care of themselves, to free themselves from the demons of the past. The point of Nikki, to me at least, is that Wood is stuck. He is so stuck that he will let the world end rather than surrender the endless rehashing of his tiny irrelevant little issue. Buffy's point is something akin to "I don't care what your parents did to you, I don't care what you think they did to you. I have responsibilities now, and so do you." The message seems to me far less likely to be that working mothers are incompatible with loving mothers than "Get over it. The world is running right now, and you have to decide whether or not you're going to be part of it." Its pretty close to the message Buffy has just learned for herself in relation to her real father, not Hank, but Giles.

Of course, even to the degree that we grant the show was setting up a critical position on the results of working mothers or single mothers or what have you, we need to remember that ultimately Buffy upends the whole system of which that model was a part. No matter how you look at it, the authors seem to be saying that we are not mere prisoners of our past. We can make things different by loving, connecting, sharing.

And again, as lunasea repeatedly pointed out, the absence of parents, or the failure of parents to live up to their responsibilities or to be part of their children's lives, whether for Wood, Willow, Xander, Buffy, or whomever, is never celebrated, or even ignored. In all cases, the way these people grew up, the relationships or lack of same that they have with their parents have considerable influence on who they are, on what their problems are, on how they need to develop. We see consistently that what parents have done or not done, or how we perceive what they have done or not done, matters a great deal. But I don't think the authors focus is to show how poor parenting is in turn-of-the-century America. I think the authors' focus, and what is celebrated, is the optimism of how you can rebuild yourself, how you can find your family outside of your blood, and in spite of your past build meaningful relationships and identities.

To further make this point, here is a quote from one of the authors, a Joss Whedon, on this very subject:

"When we created the show, they said, 'Do you want Buffy's family?' and I said, 'Well, mom and whatnot, but basically, she has a family. Her father is Giles, her sister is Willow, and it's already in place.' I had some things go on in my life that made me say, 'I really want to get this message out, that it's not about blood.' Tara was the perfect vehicle for that. Family is as much of a didactic message show as I've ever done. Hopefully an entertaining one...I actually love my family! We've been an unconventional family. I was a child of divorce, and there was a lot of shuffling around. And there were people who were not in my family who became of my family."

(From
Joss Whedon: The Genius Behind Buffy by Candace Havens, page 75)

I think that's what he was after, and it seems to me that's what he got. Joyce and Giles are good parents. Heck, even the Mayor is a pretty damn good father in his way. And that Faith needs it is unquestioned. But no matter how many examples you may have of absent, irresponsible or downright bad parenting, you can't attribute a message to the authors without relating these images to the work as a whole. A motif is not the same as a theme. If you want to get a theme out of it, you have to consider not just what appears to be shown, but how that relates to the story of the protagonist.

Not that it can't be done in this case. But so far, I'm with Sophist.

[> [> [> [> Thanks -- Lunasea, 18:48:37 10/18/03 Sat


[> [> [> [> Re: Buffy is not us -- sdev, 22:08:52 10/18/03 Sat

Thanks for the good Yankee wishes below, generous considering your allegiances. Unfortunately Game 1 is history now.

I didn't need to see JW's comments to know that he had trouble with his nuclear family growing up. I think that is exactly what is apparent in the show. I certainly am not looking at it as a commentary on parenting in 20-21st Century America. But it is clear to me that the parenting gaps presented in the show created some big problems in the characters despite there fill-ins with substitute family. Did the characters overcome it? Maybe, after some irrevocable havoc. Willow brutally murdered someone, Xander abandoned his love at the altar and never faced up to his fear of intimacy, Giles has no friends or lovers and also seems to have intimacy fears, and I consider it doubtful that Wood effectively recovered from his life-long belief that his mother abandoned him. I don't really want to explore JW''s real life but maybe some unexpressed feelings about how he was short-changed leached into the story. Granted his response is much healthier than Wood's.

As to POV and author endorsement I covered that in my archived post. But to reiterate in shorthand. We were shown how the child Wood perceived and interacted with his mother, and we were shown who Wood became. That is the POV- cause and effect. The authors don't tell us whether Wood was right or wrong to attack Spike or to have devoted his life to vengeance. The viewer can make their own judgement as to whether Wood turned out well. I also agree that Buffy's message to Wood was get over it. I'm in a war. Do you think that helped Wood reconsider his life?

"Buffy is the protagonist. The message being sent by the authors, whatever it may be, has to do with this particular protagonist, what her goals and needs are, what obstacles she faces along the journey towards them, how she overcomes those obstacles, and most importantly, in true protagonist fashion, how she changes and develops as a result."

Yes I quite agree here otherwise the Nikki story would not resonate. It is a disturbing echo. If you read my posts in the prior thread I indicated that Nikki/Wood was just an overt statement of the conflict Buffy herself expressed throughout the series which Sophist articulated in this thread.

The change and development of Buffy is the core subject. And I do not see a real resolution of Buffy's issues. I know from other posts that you see a post-modern feminist theme in Chosen, but I don't agree with that message as empowering women. That message, even if it is achieved which I am not sure it is given the very limited pool of Potentials, is a political (socialist/Marxist) one to which I don't subscribe. I don't see the problem as one of a paternalistic political system. Buffy felt the pressure to be normal, as in to conform to norms. The pressure Buffy felt to conform was more of a threat to her personal sovereignty than any outside force in the shape of a Watcher's Council or Shadow Men. Her personal conflict was the issue raised throughout then dropped in favor of the political message of sharing and cooperation and the illusion of a normal life.

I see the problem as personal and psychological empowerment which occurs within a person by embracing one's uniqueness and ab-normalness (nod to MB), not externally by creating a new but limited class of empowered women. Buffy's answers have never been external to her, even in the midst of an apocalypse her power lay in her problem solving creativity and her willingness to use her personal resources which included her well developed friendships. She had trouble accepting her Slayer role, her specialness, and her power. How were those issues resolved by creating others with her power? How did she solve her problems connecting by activating strangers? Did having Faith or Kendra, other Slayers, ever fix her problems? Season 7 dissolves with smoke and mirrors external to the protagonist.

[> [> [> [> [> Vengeance -- Lunasea, 09:24:42 10/19/03 Sun

We have seen what vengeance can do on the series. It resulted in the death of the village that cursed Angel. It resulted in Angelus being brought back. It resulted in Dark Willow. Now we see Robin and his vendetta.

But Robin is more than his vendetta. He is camped on top of the Hellmouth, not to find the vamp that killed his mother. "The hell mouth draws the bad things in close, and now we're headed for something big, Buffy. Really big, and I need to be here when it happens. I want to help." Robin is a lot more than the man that tried to kill souled Spike. He is also the man that was Buffy's ally and managed to reach Faith. Robin's vengeance didn't consume him. He goes on the same path that Buffy does and learns that power is to empower others.

First Date really sets Robin up well.

BUFFY: Wh-why didn't you tell me about you?

PRINCIPAL WOOD: I wasn't sure about things yet.

BUFFY: Y-you didn't think you could trust me?

PRINCIPAL WOOD: No, no. No, I wasn't sure I was ready yet-ready to jump into this fight.

BUFFY: And now you are?

PRINCIPAL WOOD: Well, now the fight is starting-or starting to start-and I don't have time to worry anymore. I have to do something.

Robin's vengeance is transformed and shows that even this cardinal sin of the Buffyverse doesn't make someone totally lost.

I think he was a rather fitting addition to a season about using power to empower others.

[> [> [> [> [> resolving the protagonists issues. -- manwitch, 20:49:42 10/19/03 Sun

The change and development of Buffy is the core subject. And I do not see a real resolution of Buffy's issues. I know from other posts that you see a post-modern feminist theme in Chosen, but I don't agree with that message as empowering women. That message, even if it is achieved which I am not sure it is given the very limited pool of Potentials, is a political (socialist/Marxist) one to which I don't subscribe.

Well, I have misstated and misrepresented my position if I have suggested that I think the resolution of Chosen, which is in my view the resolution of the entire series, was a "political" resolution. And I certainly would never wish to suggest that its message is ultimately one of marxist socialist politics (a very different thing from postmdernism or postmodern feminism). In my view, Buffy's story is about spirituality. What she achieves in Chosen is metaphorically spiritual bliss, a unification with the divine, the complete overcoming of ego and differentiation.

So, its less important to me who, in the literal script of the show, she shared power with in political terms than it is that she overcame a limiting vision of herself and arrived instead at boundless possibility through love and sharing. I would agree with your comments on normalcy. I think Normal Again is precisely a reiteration of that theme that you mention. And that certainly holds through Season 6. But I would argue that Season 7 takes us to a new place. The resolution of Season 7 is not about being "normal" again or surrendering one's uniqueness in the context of our political or social conventions. Its about transcending the division of normal and abnormal, of reconciling the opposites, and recognizing that you are not this unique and special body that has carried you through life, but rather you are the life that has been contained in this body, as it is contained in all the others. You identify yourself not with what is normal, but with what is shared by the great family of human kind. I saw what Buffy did in Chosen as metaphorical of that, not a statement about politics.

The interesting thing for me is the way the spiritual elements, which I believe are decidedly Eastern, dovetail with Postmodern critical theory. Buffy's identity is dispersed throughout the network of her interactions, not isolated and contained within her. The host of binary oppositions that defined her and her mission are disolved. I guess I would describe my take on it as postmodern spirituality.

I think its pretty easy, actually, to make convincing arguments that Buffy is a feminist show with a feminist message, whether postmodern or other. I think, honestly, that its a pretty tall order to make a convincing argument that it is not. Obviously any work of literature or art will have unintended consequences, themes and ideas that slip away from the conscious intent of its creators. And it is certainly possible that some of those may even contradict the avowed intentions of the authors. In my view, for what its worth, that's a different sort of argument.

My position would be that while it is strongly feminist, it is also much more. While the resolution of Chosen arguably contains a message of female empowerment in political and social terms, I think it is primarily a message of spiritual empowerment that transcends gender, and any particular social or political arrangements.

Obviously, I liked the resolution of Season 7, but then is saw her issues as precisely the ones that were resolved in Chosen. I have written at length, way too much length, about my spiritual interpretation of Buffy the Vampire Slayer. I will bring it up here only to say that as early as Help it was clear to me that Spike was being used to represent Buffy's "otherness," that her success this season would be predicated on some form of declaration of love for Spike (symbolic of her finally being able to incorporate "otherness" into herself), and that declaration would coincide with the end of Spike (when the obstacle is overcome, the metaphor for it is superfluous) and quite possibly of Buffy (When she reaches Bliss, there is nowhere else to go). I also suggested repeatedly throughout the season that Buffy would simultaneously need to surrender her status as Chosen One (it's her very sense of self that is her final obstruction). I was not spoiled, and my point is not to claim any great skills as a prognosticator. Many others were feeling the same way, and Lord knows I had no idea how they would do it. But however it was done, it was clear that only those things would bring about a resolution of the protagonists issues. She was on a spiritual journey towards enlightenment, and in Season 7 the final obstacle confronting her was her own sense of self and how it isolated her from the world and cut her off from divinity. As I've said before, the First Evil was about separation. So I think the protagonist's issues were completely and beautifully resolved. Was the resolution internal or external to our protagonist? It was both and neither. She annihilated the division.

(Like the Yankees do. Every year.)

[> [> [> [> [> [> clarification taken -- sdev, 22:37:43 10/20/03 Mon

Obviously, my misread of your take on Chosen. Although, I stand by my definition of postmodern feminism as a valid and accepted interpretation, just not yours.

As you say yours is much more Eastern and spiritual. It reminds me of Buffy's description of heaven in the Gift, very otherworldly. We seem to be operating on much different levels, you and I. I have a very pragmatic bent.

What I really wondered about is this comment:

Obviously any work of literature or art will have unintended consequences, themes and ideas that slip away from the conscious intent of its creators. And it is certainly possible that some of those may even contradict the avowed intentions of the authors. In my view, for what its worth, that's a different sort of argument.

What different sort of argument is that? I did not understand this.

By the way, just last night I happened to read someone say that JW was sent to boarding school (don't know if it's true). I really don't follow lives of actors, writers, etc., so I'm kind of oblivious to these types of facts. But I thought that was interesting in light of our discussion.

I also wondered whether the comment you made (quoted below) indicated you believe Buffy truly meant she loved Spike when she told him so at the end of Chosen. From what you said, I believe you would have to.

her success this season would be predicated on some form of declaration of love for Spike (symbolic of her finally being able to incorporate "otherness" into herself)

Last, I was always interested in reading your Spike and Nietzsche analysis but can't find it in the archives. Any help welcomed.

[> [> [> [> Very nice! -- Ponygirl, 16:09:43 10/18/03 Sat


[> [> [> [> Tiny irrelevant little issue? -- Rahael, 16:29:26 10/18/03 Sat

The point of Nikki, to me at least, is that Wood is stuck. He is so stuck that he will let the world end rather than surrender the endless rehashing of his tiny irrelevant little issue. Buffy's point is something akin to "I don't care what your parents did to you, I don't care what you think they did to you. I have responsibilities now, and so do you."

Yes, I agree that's what the ep was trying to say. And that's one of the reasons I felt so strongly about it. Tiny and irrelevant? Not to me. And i think BtVS loses it's moral heart when it tries to state such a thing.

I guess it's hard for me to see why it's so trivial.

[> [> [> [> [> Re: Tiny irrelevant little issue? -- MaeveRigan, 19:04:18 10/18/03 Sat

Tiny and irrelevant? Not to me. And i think BtVS loses it's moral heart when it tries to state such a thing.

That's really it, isn't it? Although I basically agree with manwitch, for the most part, I must say that it would have gone a good way towards redeeming the harshness of LMPTM if Buffy, at least, could have acknowledged some sympathy, some awareness that Wood's issue was not "tiny" or "irrelevant"--at least to him--before insisting--quite rightly, under the circumstances--that he pull himself together and grow up.

On the other hand, the episode wasn't Buffy's finest hour with her own remaining "parent," Giles. Problematic all around.

[> [> [> [> [> [> Apocalypses, mountains and molehills -- Rahael, 19:28:11 10/18/03 Sat

BtVS thrives on the 'big' moments. The end of the world. THe mayor turning into a giant serpeant, ready to devour Sunnydale's citizens. Acathla's mouth opening, sucking everyone into hell, an army of manufactured demon-human zombies going to lay waste to Buffy's town.

But I didn't watch BtVS for those moments. I watched it for Buffy's heart breaking on the bus ride out of Sunnydale. For Oz and Willow making love in the face of what seemed like certain death. For the Scoobies taking a moment to realise they'd graduated. For Faith and Buffy's emotional stand off, a physical fight that actually represented something more, something incredibly resonant. I watched it to see Buffy affirm that the world that demanded the sacrifice of Dawn was not a world that she could live in.

The landscape of Buffy's heart and the landscape of Sunnydale was symmetrical. They echoed each other beautifully.

So yes, exactly, this is what I found so troubling. That it seemed to say, "some woman died. who cares? a manifestation of ultimate evil is raising an army of neanderthal vampires!"

Were the end of the world to come, I would be found sadly wanting. I would not be able to get past the moment. That tiny, irrelevant moment when I thought myworld ended. As I'm sure Wood's did. I started watching BtVS and I watched this heroine, and I thought, 'here is this tv show that puts my feelings and pain and my feeling of emotional apocalypse like nothing else I've ever seen before'. The map of my heart.

Only, some woman died. Who cares?

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> The change in Buffy from S5 to S7 -- Caroline, 21:26:25 10/18/03 Sat

There are 2 Buffys that we are talking about here. Rah, your Buffy is Buffy from the Gift - the one that won't sacrifice Dawn to save the world. The Buffy that Sophist and manwitch are talking about is the Buffy of S7 - the one that would sacrifice Dawn (and also, the one that would say that Wood's problems amounted to a hill of beans in this crazy world). S5 Buffy would not destroy her sister to save the world, the S7 Buffy would. But S7 Buffy could not have come to that stance without making the decision to not sacrifice Dawn in S7. The difference lies in the fact that by S7, Buffy had come to a fuller realization of the feminine archetype. In S5, she had fully realized only one aspect of it - the nurturing, compassionate side. In S7, she had learnt that femininity is more - it's destruction and revenge and blind justice too. Sometimes femininity appears uncaring, but that is just the realization of the implacability of life - birth, life, death. Bad things sometimes happening to good people. It's hard and heart-breaking but what I think is a great message here is that although devastating things can happen to you, you can get to a point where they no longer devastate you. Buffy survives and grows. I'm sorry I can't expand on this right now as I'm on my travels, but I will try to get to this later.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Re: The change in Buffy from S5 to S7 -- yabyumpan, 23:25:18 10/18/03 Sat

It's hard and heart-breaking but what I think is a great message here is that although devastating things can happen to you, you can get to a point where they no longer devastate you. Buffy survives and grows.

I think one of the problems in S7 with Buffy and LMPTM (and that scene in particular really high-lighted it), is that she no longer seemed to care if it devasteted anyone else. In fact at times she showed open contempt when it did. That to me is not a fuller realization of the feminine archetype, that's just being closed off and at the bottem line, just plain mean. The nurturing, compassionate side seemed to get lost.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Re: The change in Buffy from S5 to S7 -- Dlgood, 08:27:46 10/19/03 Sun

That to me is not a fuller realization of the feminine archetype, that's just being closed off and at the bottem line, just plain mean. The nurturing, compassionate side seemed to get lost.
------------------
It's not lost - it's just fixated solely on Spike. Buffy has time to nurture Spike in a highly compassionate fashion. She seems to have no time or interest to be nurturing or compassionate for others. It's tremendously ironic, considering that she took a job as guidance counselor.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Re: The change in Buffy from S5 to S7 -- DEN, 16:29:42 10/19/03 Sun

And even there, to what extent is Buffy's nurturing of Spike instrumental--that is, doing what is needed to bring "our best fighter" back on line in some kind of shape? A deeper question: is overt sympathy always the most optimal form of nurturing? Can it be said legitimately that at times one has to be cruel--or demanding, or insensitive--to be kind? Does Buffy perhaps understand something correctly but execute it poorly?

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Buffy and Leadership -- Claudia, 12:03:08 10/20/03 Mon

[I think one of the problems in S7 with Buffy and LMPTM (and that scene in particular really high-lighted it), is that she no longer seemed to care if it devasteted anyone else. In fact at times she showed open contempt when it did. That to me is not a fuller realization of the feminine archetype, that's just being closed off and at the bottem line, just plain mean. The nurturing, compassionate side seemed to get lost.]

Was it lost even in the end? I don't think so. She still tried to protect Dawn from the upcoming apocalypse by getting Xander to send Dawn away from Sunnydale. I think the real difference between Season 5 and Season 7, is that in the latter season, Dawn was willing to participate in the final fight. In S5, she was merely a victim of circumstance, until that final moment when she had volunteered to sacrifice herself out of despair.

As for Buffy's leadership skills - she is partly right. In the movie "Gettysburg", Robert E. Lee said that a good general must be willing to destroy what he loves - namely the men who served under him. Buffy probably realized that the only way to deal with sending the Potentials to their possible death was to emotionally distance herself from them. Yet, she had expressed to both Spike and Robin Wood, how much she hated using the SITs as canon fodder.

The problem with Buffy is that she had distanced herself too much from those under her. Should she have become much closer, as Faith did in "Empty Places"? Not really. Another mistake in leadership one can make is becoming too close to the troops. In "Band of Brothers", one officer (played by Neil McDonough) became close friends with most of the men under his command. And when two of them were seriously wounded, he suffered a mental breakdown . . . because he got too close.

Perhaps what Buffy should have done was maintain some kind of balance in her leadership style - not too close and not too distant - as any good leader would have done.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> The landscape of the heart -- mamcu, 19:33:09 10/19/03 Sun

I see what you're saying, and it is really a faultline in the end of the series--the idea that one death is somehow less than many deaths. The end of the world is an abstraction but Woods' experience was a concrete reality, and perhaps even moreso because the rest of the world survived intact while only his universe was destroyed.

Perhaps though we should remember that the landscape of Buffy is after all California, where nothing is permanent, nothing really matters, and all is rearranged without notice by a sudden subterranean shift--and that California is maybe a metaphor for the world we all live in now, where the individual loss is nothing because whatever we all are will be totally changed by the next rearrangement of power, influence, or whatever we mistakenly think is bedrock.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Beautifully put -- Rahael, 04:57:22 10/20/03 Mon


[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Why California? -- Claudia, 14:31:52 10/22/03 Wed

[Perhaps though we should remember that the landscape of Buffy is after all California, where nothing is permanent, nothing really matters, and all is rearranged without notice by a sudden subterranean shift--]

Why California? Any part of the world can be used as this metaphor. Nothing is permanent anywhere in the world. How did California earn this reputation?

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> San Andreas fault -- mamcu, 16:50:21 10/22/03 Wed

But in my life there, which was extraodinarily happy, I also thought it was more than most places prone to violent inexplicable changes of heart in public and private life (did someone say Arnold?)

[> [> [> [> [> Misunderstanding? -- Sophist, 21:22:58 10/18/03 Sat

manwitch is perfectly able to speak for himself, but I'm wondering if there's a misunderstanding here. Here is what he said:

the message is how people develop the ability to love, to share, to take care of themselves, to free themselves from the demons of the past. The point of Nikki, to me at least, is that Wood is stuck. He is so stuck that he will let the world end rather than surrender the endless rehashing of his tiny irrelevant little issue.

The "tiny, irrelevant issue" was not Nikki's death, it was Wood's failure to believe -- against the evidence -- that his mother loved him enough, a failure that set him off on a vengeance quest against a "person" who no longer existed. Wood's erroneous belief, and the consequent vengeance quest, were, in the overall scheme of things, "tiny and irrelevant".

At least that's how I understood manwitch.

[> [> [> [> [> [> I hope so -- Rahael, 08:21:15 10/19/03 Sun

I'd claim that Wood's erroneous belief was a big plot device hoisted on him by the writers. I don't think that my world view is anything out of the ordinary, and I don't feel the need to beat people up. As for Wood's issues, dealt with with dignity, they needn't have been tiny and irrelevant. I mean, the did she didn't she love me thing - if that is tiny and irrelevant, well, if we were to start categorising what is 'important' and 'unimportant', Buffy's most blazingly eloquent dilemmas and heartaches would be 'unimportant'. One might have to start judging her back and forth love life with a lot more condemnation and a little less understanding.

Rahael, who has learnt that a cup of coffee and the Sunday newspapers and a good book may all be unimportant and irrelevant, and yet, the no less significant and meaningful and joyful than the big dramatic moments.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> Oh, and -- Rahael, 08:23:37 10/19/03 Sun

I forgot to say - the idea that Wood's real quest is trying to reach his distant and supposedly unloving mother - that's Spike's interpretation. Wood's ostensible and self stated reason is his sense of injustice and anger that the killer of his mother was still walking around, wearing her coat, and there was a question mark over his sanity and self.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Re: Oh, and -- Malandanza, 21:46:09 10/19/03 Sun

" Wood's ostensible and self stated reason is his sense of injustice and anger that the killer of his mother was still walking around, wearing her coat, and there was a question mark over his sanity and self."

I think Wood's real issues are how he was raised. We know from FFL that the last fights of a slayer are often undocumented -- Giles speculates that it is because the watchers, who have trained and cared for, in some cases from infancy, their slayers found it too painful to continue with their duties. So Crowley raises Nikki's son. Is it coincidence that Wood followed his mother's career? I think he lost his childhood in military training and WC indoctrination -- he was raised to hate vampires and trained to kill them. But eventually, as he became older, he started asking questions -- which led him to Sunnydale. The passion for vengeance had just about burnt itself out when he saw Spike in his mother's coat -- and the slayer protecting him. He regressed to early days and saw Buffy as a traitor -- certainly she would have been in Crowley's eyes. He might have felt a sense of injustice and anger, but it was Crowley who placed it in him to begin with, and nurtured it during his formative years.

In Buffy's defense, I think she believes souled Spike is a different entity and should be treated accordingly, just as she did not hold Angel responsible for Angelus' crimes (I think she actually blamed herself in that case) or Oz for Ozwolf's crimes or Willow for DarkWillow's crimes. She is consistent, rather than showing special treatment. I do think, though, that had Buffy known Spike's duster was a trophy from Wood's mother, she would have had a very different reaction -- at the very least it would have gone the way of the other cool jacket that season.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> I Don't Think So -- Claudia, 12:13:00 10/20/03 Mon

[I do think, though, that had Buffy known Spike's duster was a trophy from Wood's mother, she would have had a very different reaction -- at the very least it would have gone the way of the other cool jacket that season.]

I don't think so. I think the issue of Spike killing Nikki and Wood's attempt at revenge would have remained the main issue for Buffy. And I think that too many people have placed importance on that jacket . . . just as Wood did.

Wood needed that jacket even less than Spike. He needed to get over Nikki's death and move on. Some say that Spike should have apologized or shown remorse. I doubt very much that Wood would have accepted Spike's apology. Here is the reason why:

From "Lies My Parents Told Me" -

MOTHER: Get out. Get out! (they struggle, she vamps) There, there, precious. It will only hurt for a moment.

WILLIAM: I'm sorry.

(cut to Spike vs Wood)

PRINCIPAL WOOD: What?

SPIKE: I'm sorry.

(Cut to past. William/Spike stakes his mother; back to present)

PRINCIPAL WOOD: Sorry? You think sorry's gonna make everything right?


If Spike had genuinely expressed remorse or an apology, Wood would have rejected it, anyway. He was too caught up in his vengeance.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Re: I Don't Think So -- Dlgood, 16:11:53 10/20/03 Mon

If Spike had genuinely expressed remorse or an apology, Wood would have rejected it, anyway. He was too caught up in his vengeance.
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We'll never know, because Spike didn't express genuine remorse, and didn't try to make a case. And certainly, the victims unreadiness to hear apology is no excuse to be unapologetic.

-------
And I think that too many people have placed importance on that jacket . . . just as Wood did.
-------
And a lot of folks think too much importance is placed upon the confederate flag. It's a symbol. Putting that confederate battle flag on a state capitol doesn't mean the advocate is racist or in favor of slavery - but it does reveal a tremendous insensitivity to those who are offended, and have a legitimate grievance. It's the type of attitude that cost Trent Lott his position as Majority Leader of the US Senate.

To Wood, (and likely to the SiT's if they knew where it came from) the coat is the symbol of a slayer's scalping. And Spike knows that. Continuing to wear that coat in front of Wood, doesn't mean Spike's evil. But it does mean he's willfully unmindful of the pain it inflicts upon a past victim. It's a divisive symbol at a time when unity to the mission is supposed to be a primary value.

Many people do blow the "coat issue" out of proportion, but I think it's deeply significant nonetheless.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Disagree -- Claudia, 12:31:11 10/22/03 Wed

When Spike said, "I'm sorry," twice, Wood thought that Spike was apologizing to him and being remorseful. But Wood didn't care and more or less said so. Whether or not Spike had apologized or act remorseful, the latter would have been one dead vampire, as far as Wood was concerned. He still proceeded to kill Spike, but the latter snapped out of his funk and stopped him. Watch the scene again.

[To Wood, (and likely to the SiT's if they knew where it came from) the coat is the symbol of a slayer's scalping. And Spike knows that. Continuing to wear that coat in front of Wood, doesn't mean Spike's evil. But it does mean he's willfully unmindful of the pain it inflicts upon a past victim. It's a divisive symbol at a time when unity to the mission is supposed to be a primary value.

Many people do blow the "coat issue" out of proportion, but I think it's deeply significant nonetheless]

I disagree. The coat, in the end, really meant nothing. It should have no longer matter to either Wood or Spike. Should Spike have gotten rid of the coat? Maybe. You're right that the coat represented Spike's killing of Nikki. And he is mindful of the pain of what wearing that coat in front of Wood meant. But giving the coat to Wood would have been a mistake. By attempting to go behind Buffy's back and conspire to murder Spike, Wood proved that he was too caught up in his own vendetta to realize that he was succumbing to evil. And for Spike, I guess it is hard to apologize or act remorseful to someone who is trying to kill you out of revenge. Revenge is not a good reason to give in to evil. And by having that coat, Wood would have been stuck in the past for good.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Burying the Hatchet -- Dlgood, 15:39:44 10/22/03 Wed

1) How many months did Spike spend desperately trying to tell Buffy that he loved her, and to convince her that he meant it, despite her rather firm denials and rejections. Suddenly, somebody's unresponsive and Spike turns away from something he really feels? I don't buy that Spike was remorseful, and refraining from apologizing because Wood didn't want to hear it.
---
The coat, in the end, really meant nothing. It should have no longer matter to either Wood or Spike.
---
2) Did you see my analogy w/respect to the Confederate battle flag. Perhaps it shouldn't mean anything to the descendants of slaves, but it does. That coat certainly means something to Spike or he wouldn't have taken it off Nikki's corpse in the first place, reclaimed it with such pride in "Get it Done", or taken it back from Wood in LMPTM. Spike knows it does mean something to Wood, and his lack of sensitivity about that, IMHO, is a black mark on his character.

Wood's behavior should have no bearing on whether or not Spike should apologize. By making his expressions of remorse conditional on Wood's behavior, Spike avoids having to take full responsibility for his own acts. Giving the coat back, not wearing it, or at the least acknowledging that it does mean something to Wood - these are all means to bury the hatchet and end their conflict in a constructive manner. Spike ends the conflict on a note of domination and fear - it does little to resolve the resentments that led to the conflict in the first place. It does not make them go away.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Good analogy -- mamcu (now in another place altogether), 16:54:17 10/22/03 Wed


[> [> [> [> [> Re: Tiny irrelevant little issue? -- OnM, 12:13:53 10/19/03 Sun

*** There are 2 Buffys that we are talking about here. Rah, your Buffy is Buffy from the Gift - the one that won't sacrifice Dawn to save the world. The Buffy that Sophist and manwitch are talking about is the Buffy of S7 - the one that would sacrifice Dawn (and also, the one that would say that Wood's problems amounted to a hill of beans in this crazy world). S5 Buffy would not destroy her sister to save the world, the S7 Buffy would. ***

...... Caroline

For what it's worth, I think all of us are grasping parts of what this is about, but not necessarily the totality. I certainly can't do more than present my own reading, but take into consideration that there can be more than one truth here, not just a single one.

I agree with you, Rah, when you state that it is Buffy's moral heart that makes the show worth delving into to the degree that we do. But Buffy does not always behave well, and that to me is merely a depiction of human reality, not a betrayal of her basic moralistic/spiritual nature.

***

BUFFY: We've had this conversation before, Giles. When I told you I wouldn't sacrifice Dawn to stop Glory from destroying the world.

GILES: Things are different now, aren't they? After what you've been through. Knowing what you're up against. Faced with the same choice now... you'd let her die.

(Buffy hesitates, as she realizes her answer.)

BUFFY: If I have to. To save the world... (quietly) Yes.

***

OK, you see, I don't believe her, and I think that was the point. Faced with the same decision again, Buffy would make the same choice. Also, if one studies the scene in The Gift where Buffy is debating this issue with Giles, it seems clear (at least to me) that she understands that she may have to kill Dawn to save the world, and that she would do it if there is truly no other choice. But to give in at this point, and 'accept' the 'inevitability' as Giles has already done, is to deny who she, Buffy, is.

In LMPTM, Buffy is still in 'generalissima' mode. She knows that this modality does not fit her, but she is desperate for another alternative. Giles and most of the others have dumped this load on her, and expected her to somehow intuitively 'get it'. She is trying to meet their expectations at the same time it is grating on her personally to give up that which she feels to be the 'right' way to do things.

So, pressed and pressed and pressed by her father-figure, Giles, she finally relents and states to him that she would kill Dawn if it was necessary, because she knows this is what is expected of her. That doesn't make her believe it.

Then, disaster occurs-- she has just revealed this painful 'truth' to Giles, and then within seconds she becomes aware that her 'father', her mentor, has betrayed her.

***

BUFFY: Oh god... You've been stalling me. Keeping me away--

GILES: Buffy, it's time to stop playing the role of a general and start being one.

(Buffy stares at him in shock, then turns and runs...)

***

Consider the emotions present at this moment, and then think again how she treated Robin Wood:

***

(Buffy walks into the garage. Wood sees her, tries to get to his feet. She goes to his side to help him.)

BUFFY: I lost my mom a couple years ago. I came home and found her dead on the couch.

(Wood wipes the blood from his mouth.)

WOOD: (softly)I'm sorry.

BUFFY: I understand... what you tried to do. But she's dead. He killed her.

WOOD: She got herself killed.

BUFFY: And none of it matters. We're preparing to fight a war, and you're looking for revenge on a man who doesn't exist anymore.

WOOD: Don't delude yourself. That man still exists...

BUFFY: Spike's the strongest warrior I have, and we need him if we're going to get through this alive. (then) If you try anything again, he's going to kill you, but more importantly, I'm going to let him.

(Wood looks down -- he can't bring himself to meet her gaze.)

BUFFY: I have a mission: to win this war, save the world. I don't have time for your vendettas.

(She turns her back on him, begins to walk away.)

BUFFY: The mission's what matters.

(And she leaves him. Alone.)

***

It had become clear to Buffy that the only way she was going to do what had to be done was to make it clear to Robin who was in charge here. This didn't mean she didn't feel Robin's pain at the loss of his mother. The fact that Robin persuaded Giles, her mentor, to go along with this shows that Robin was willing to challenge her authority big time. That path leads to failure. Nevertheless, she wants to keep Robin on her side if at all possible. Does she succeed?

***

(ROBIN WOOD is at his desk. He's still a little banged up from his encounter with Spike. Cuts, bruises, a
bandage on his neck. He looks up when Buffy knocks on the door. She enters, a little wary. )

BUFFY: You look better.

WOOD: No, I don't.

BUFFY: No, you don't.

WOOD: But I'll be okay. Unless, of course, you start beating on me now.

BUFFY: I won't. I thought about it some, drew a couple little doodles, but...look... far as I'm concerned, we're on even ground. I meant what I said before -- I don't have time for your vendettas -- but I need you in this fight. I want you on my side.

WOOD: Thank you. That means a lot.

BUFFY: So we're good.

WOOD: Absolutely. (beat) You're fired.

BUFFY: That makes me feel so much -- What?

WOOD: Effective immediately.

BUFFY: You're firing me? I just refrained from kicking your ass!

***

At this point in time, we begin to see the decline of 'the generalissima' and the gradual return of the Buffy we knew before, which culminates in the scene where the gang 'casts her out'. When Faith follows Buffy out the door of the Summers' house, Buffy offers not anger but only the desire that Faith fully understands what she needs to do-- to protect everyone. And Faith does understand, and is further struck by Buffy's lack of what she would normally expect to be rage directed at her.

I could go on, but I think this sort of presents the gist of things. So, the comment you made that...

*** Buffy's point is something akin to "I don't care what your parents did to you, I don't care what you think they did to you. I have responsibilities now, and so do you." ***

...does not represent Buffy's thinking, it represents the thinking that others tried to impress upon her, and which over time, she rejects.

[> [> [> [> [> [> Agreed. Great post, OnM! -- Rob, 13:04:47 10/19/03 Sun


[> [> [> [> [> [> Agree. Well said -- sdev, 13:17:36 10/19/03 Sun

I posted similarly above but not as thoroughly or persuasively.

Buffy had the role of Commander in Chief foisted upon her. She never claimed to know what to do with it and it was not in the Slayer calling description.

I also really agree that Buffy would not have treated Dawn differently S7 (in the midst of it all she tried to send Dawn away to spare her once again) and that barring the solution she came up with in the Gift she would have done the right thing by the world.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> Re: Agree. Well said -- Rob, 14:38:16 10/19/03 Sun

"...in the midst of it all she tried to send Dawn away to spare her once again..."

Also a really good, and incredibly important, point.

Rob

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> Yes, you did indeed, so credit where due. -- OnM, 20:58:25 10/19/03 Sun

I just got a chance to go back up the thread a ways and read your response-- one of the hazards of jumping in in the middle of a discussion!

Besides our obvious points of agreement, I also liked your last observation:

*** That she never discusses or wants to address Spike's killing of Nikki, a Slayer and mother, is interesting from another perspective. She probably doesn't want to think too much on that for fear of igniting her own reaction to Spike. She is trying to treat him as a new person because of the soul and because she needs him right now. To open up that past would create conflicts in her so she does what she has often done, repress. In all fairness she implements that standard for herself and expects it from others including Wood. ***

A fine insight, and I tend to believe an accurate one.

As fidhle has commented below, this is turning out to be an excellent thread. I'm hoping to get to read the rest of it tomorrow or so.

[> [> [> [> [> [> Thanks -- Rahael, 14:50:54 10/19/03 Sun

That's a great explanation, and as I was saying to Sdev above, is one that makes sense within the larger themes of BtvS. Intellectually, I think that is what they must have been trying to do. But I don't think they were successful at conveying it on the screen, or at least, it seems that what they were trying to say did not resonate with me, for the first time in the series. I'm glad it did work well for other peope, but also glad that I'm not quite alone in 'getting' it, or feeling fully satisfied.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> Re: Thanks -- DEN, 15:53:41 10/19/03 Sun

And the whole Dawn question is a familiar subplot in the war-film genre I outlined above: the new replacement,often a younger relative of someone in the unit, who has no chance of coming back but must be sent out anyway. The issue of duty versus love, head versus heart, is a near-cliche in these films. The conventional solution is the "masculine" one, often expressed in overt gender terms. Fans of the Civil War film "Glory" will recall the dialogue between Mathew Brodrick and the Irish drill sergeant over how to treat Brodrick's friend the bespectacled black intellectual.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Yes, I've seen Glory -- Rahael, 16:01:22 10/19/03 Sun

I have to say, you've provided the most compelling reading of S7 yet.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> Figuring out s7, or hello to the pain -- Ponygirl, 15:55:10 10/19/03 Sun

There have been some great posts in this thread which have really helped me start thinking again about the season. At the very least I'm not going "lala" and covering my ears when people are talking about it (sadly not joking). I still think I'm going to wait until the dvds are out before I do a big rewatch on seven. I know that I for one need a bit more critical distance on to truly assess the successes and failures of the season.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Lol! me too! -- Rahael, 16:18:31 10/19/03 Sun


[> [> [> [> [> [> There's one problem with your argument -- Caroline, 19:42:11 10/19/03 Sun

and that is that Buffy's final act is to allow someone that she says she loves to sacrifice himself to save the world. Spike and the amulet is the equivalent to Dawn wanting to jump in the Gift. In one, Buffy sacrifices herself to save a loved one, in the other Buffy allows the sacrifice to occur. The mask of general may have been imposed on her by others but that does not mean that Buffy has not learnt leadership. Not the type that Giles tried to impose on her, but the type that she felt comfortable functioning with. She exerted leadership with Wood even though it was in direct opposition to Giles. And she took the Bogart in Casablanca position - that there are some things that are greater than us. She also took that position when she allowed Spike to sacrifice himself. I think that there is something about Buffy's development that has been missing here. Her death and resurrection was like a trial of fire, one that honed and polished her. Amid the confusion she emerges without self-pity and looking to do the right thing. She has survived and grown such that her own experiences no longer devastate her and subsequently, she can take a more objective and less personal view of circumstances, see the larger picture and not just the personal one. Some may see her treatment of Wood as harsh, but sometimes justice is so. There is a reason that justice is often depicted as a woman carrying scales and a sword and is blind-folded. Because while she may feel, she must impartially decide on what is right. Buffy of the Gift is not an archetype of justice, Buffy in the latter episodes of S7 is. Buffy in S5 is all passion but the Buffy of S7 is passion tempered by reason.

I agree with you that the exploration of Buffy's moral stance is an essential element to my enjoyment of the show. But sometimes I find Buffy most enjoyable when she does things that I don't agree with. She does not have to be an examplar of morality for me. I just wanna figure out why she does stuff, even when I think that she is wrong.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> Except... -- Rob, 20:28:47 10/19/03 Sun

...I'm not sure if she allowed Spike to sacrifice himself. From the way the amulet worked, it didn't seem like she would have had much choice in the matter either way. We don't know if the amulet could have been taken off at that point, while it was doing its job, and if it were, it seems likely that he would have just burned up from the sunlight streaming through him, only sooner. Before the amulet did his job would have been too soon for her to not allow Spike to wear it, because she did not know that it would result in his death.

Rob

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> Re: There's one problem with your argument -- OnM, 20:30:29 10/19/03 Sun

*** Spike and the amulet is the equivalent to Dawn wanting to jump in the Gift. ***

Hummm... an intriguing argument, but I'm not sure that it follows. Dawn was a child, under the care of adults, particularly that of her sister. Spike is an adult. (Well, sort of. Not going there just now! ;-). Dawn's death would represent the sacrifice of an innocent (Buffy even terms it this way in her prior conversation with Giles in the training room at the Magic Box). Dawn did not choose to become a pawn in a cosmic game played by evil beings. It is up to the adults trusted with her care to defend her to the greatest extent possible.

Spike chose to become a 'warrior', to fight; that is his right as an adult. Dawn may eventually decide to do the same (and it appears that she very well might, even if it is in the form of a Watcher to the newly minted Slayers, as many fans have theorized). But as a child under the guardianship of others, that right would need to be deferred at the time unless Buffy or her other guardians could not find another alternative to allowing her the choice of sacrificing herself.

I believe that a great part of the reason that Buffy was so upset with Giles in the early part of The Gift was that he seemed to be doing what Buffy had always seen as one of the classic weaknesses of advanced adulthood-- giving in to despair, and presuming the outcome could only be the worse possible scenario. Indeed, how many times over the years has Giles mouthed the words "We're doomed!" or something similar? On the one hand, it's funny, but on the other hand it's a defeatist attitude. This is also a secondary meaning to the word 'innocence', as it refers to the belief that a good outcome can occur despite all contrary indications.

Ironically, I think it's a given that one of the things that Giles admires most about Buffy is the same thing that Spike denotes-- she's not a quitter, she always tries.

One sometimes wonders if in his mind Giles habitually walks the knife-edge between believing in his despair and believing in the abilities of Buffy to vanquish it.

***

BTW, anyone been following the latest re: Mother Teresa?

http://www.sltrib.com/2003/Oct/10182003/saturday/103026.asp

"If we went to them [the poor] with a sad face, we would only make them much more depressed," she once explained. And following her own admonition, Mother Teresa's perpetual smile was as integral to her image as the weathered face and blue-trimmed white robe.

But exterior sunniness masked an astonishing secret -- known to a handful of clergy counselors but no other close colleagues -- that was revealed only through research for her sainthood candidacy.

Mother Teresa was afflicted with feelings of abandonment by God from the very start of her work among the homeless children and dying persons in Calcutta's slums. From all available evidence, this experience persisted until her death five decades later, except for a brief interlude in 1958.



Season 6 Mother Teresa? Will wonders never cease.

:-)

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Re: There's one problem with your argument -- Malandanza, 22:15:11 10/19/03 Sun

"Dawn's death would represent the sacrifice of an innocent (Buffy even terms it this way in her prior conversation with Giles in the training room at the Magic Box). Dawn did not choose to become a pawn in a cosmic game played by evil beings. It is up to the adults trusted with her care to defend her to the greatest extent possible.

Spike chose to become a 'warrior', to fight; that is his right as an adult."


Yes -- it's a matter of choice. Spike chose to wear the amulet -- he demanded it, in fact. There is no indication that Buffy or Spike knew how to stop the amulet to save Spike once the spell had begun (since the Scoobies didn't bother to research the trinket from the not remotely trustworthy evil lawfirm). Plus we see Spike reaffirming his choice by saying he wants to stay and see how it all ends. The similarity between Dawn and Spike comes when Dawn offers to jump to save the world and Buffy takes her place -- there is no evidence at all that Buffy could have taken Spike's place (or that Spike would have let her -- Dawn had no choice). She could have stayed with Spike to die with him (as she had intended to do with Dawn -- "the last thing she sees will be me protecting her"), but Buffy had grown past her death wish by then (The Gift was part noble sacrifice and part suicide).

Buffy's refusal to sacrifice Dawn in Season Five was also influenced by her Season Two decision to sacrifice Angel to save the world. In Season Five she tells Giles in no uncertain terms that she will not make another such sacrifice.

So, Season Two, she was willing to sacrifice her true love to save the world.
Season Five she would rather die than make that same choice
Season Seven she was willing to let someone else choose to sacrifice himself to save the world

Of course, Buffy has always been willing to sacrifice herself -- starting with Prophecy Girl.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> [> Was It a Sacrifice? -- Claudia, 12:58:52 10/20/03 Mon

Was allowing Spike to wear the amulet a sacrifice? I don't know. Angel had told Buffy that wearing the amulet might be dangerous, but no one was certain that it would result in death for the wearer. Besides, Buffy and the others had as much of a chance of being killed, as Spike. So was it really a sacrifice on her part?

As for Spike demanding to wear the amulet - he only did so, until Buffy mentioned that it was to be worn by a champion. Spike had withdrew his demand, believing that he was not a champion.

[> [> [> [> [> [> I agree with this, too. -- manwitch, 19:42:34 10/19/03 Sun

To the degree that it contradicts things I said before, I would revise what I said before.

[> [> [> [> [> [> Completely agree with you on this. Well said,OnM. -- jane, 22:28:17 10/19/03 Sun


[> [> [> [> [> [> Sacrificing Dawn -- Buffyboy, 04:43:59 10/21/03 Tue

BUFFY: We've had this conversation before, Giles. When I told you I wouldn't sacrifice Dawn to stop Glory from destroying the world.

GILES: Things are different now, aren't they? After what you've been through. Knowing what you're up against. Faced with the same choice now... you'd let her die.

(Buffy hesitates, as she realizes her answer.)

BUFFY: If I have to. To save the world... (quietly) Yes.

When I first heard these words my immediate reaction was to think: "What the Hell? What did she just say? No! She didn't just say that, did she? No! She couldn't mean it!" Yet, I now believe that at that point in time Buffy meant just what she said.

For me the scene from The Gift between Buffy and Giles in the training room has always been one of the true high points of BtVS. Not only was Buffy refusing to accede to Giles' Utilitarian logic through her rejecting a world that demanded that she acquiesce in its evil ways, through her refusing to reconcile herself to the death of Dawn as the world's price for not being destroyed, but she seemed to be demanding a world where no one need sacrifice her Dawn if I may be allowed to generalize the point. Though this last demand went unmet, Buffy did find a way to avoid the dreadful alternative through her own self-sacrifice. An act though extremely moving and profound, none the less still involving the giving in to the world's demand for a sacrifice.

So what transpired between these two points? Two important developments at least. (1) Of course, Buffy had died and gone through the trauma of her resurrection: a trauma that very nearly destroyed her. (2) From season one to six, Buffy found herself caught between her desire to be a normal girl with friends and her desire to be a Slayer, a tightrope she adroitly walked in spite of numerous slips and even falls, culminating in her forging the new and unprecedented role of Slayer with friends. Ultimately, Buffy was the near perfect person for this near impossible feet of acrobatics. Yet, in season seven Buffy faced a new role, not as I had previously thought just another manifestation of the tension between being a slayer and being a friend, the role of military leader-a role for which see was not cut out.

Beginning perhaps with her great speech in Bring on the Night, Buffy took on a new role, a role handed to by the Scoobies in general and Giles in particular in that same episode, the role of military leader. By the time of Lies My Parents Told Me, Buffy was beginning to become a military leader, beginning to believe what she thought a military leader needed to believe. When Giles asks her if she would now be willing to sacrifice Dawn, she said: "If I have to. To save the world... (quietly)Yes." And as the script importantly indicates "(Buffy hesitate, as she realizes her answer.)" Buffy hesitates because she is realizing that she's not giving the answer that she expected herself to give-- to some extent Buffy is even surprising herself with this new answer. She now would sacrifice Dawn if the fate of the world was at stake, just as Giles now more or less expected she would-he understood, perhaps better than she, how this new role was transforming her.

By Lies MY Parents Told Me, Buffy had become a military leader. What else could she do? Giles now seemed only useful for bring in more potentials, the potentials were in want of serious amounts of training, Willow was afraid of her own power, etc. As the weeks advanced Buffy's speeches became increasingly strained and repetitive, the morale of the potentials continued to decline and her military plans were often ill advised. By Empty Places Buffy's failure at her new role was obvious to all and she was unceremoniously tossed out. This was actually the best thing that could have happened to her at that time. Suddenly the pressures of the role of military leader were relieved and Buffy could once again begin the think and feel as a Slayer. Ultimately, in The End of Days the Guardian gave Buffy everything she need: the gift of the scythe, the new knowledge that the power of the Slayer was not just the creation of the Shadowmen and their heirs in the Watcher's Council but had a older and non-patriarchal origin and the cryptic remark "But you already have weapons." Though at this point Buffy was not yet able to put the piece of the puzzle together, her return to her role of Slayer with friends was about to work its final magic.

In Chosen Buffy was finally in a position to offer one final dramatic reinterpretation of Slayer role she had forged: a Slayer who shares her power. As she for the first time faced the First appearing as herself, as she faced a Buffy split in two, and as the First/Buffy began the recite the litany: "One...One..." she suddenly saw in her imaginary other that she was no long One, but that she had been split into more than one. This was all it took and Buffy immediately saw the pieces fall into place, realizing that with the help of Willow she could in fact share her power. Buffy was now in a position where she no longer needed to impose a sacrifice on others or on herself. She no longer needed to sacrifice Dawn (or anyone else for that matter) to save the world nor did she need to substitute herself in a heroic act of self-sacrifice. To be sure, individuals still needed to risk their lives and some would loose their lives. But once Buffy understood that her power could in fact be shared, the need for a military leader who would demand or even bring about the sacrifice of others or a Slayer who would substitute herself in a heroic self-sacrifice, melted into air. The risk of one's life could now be autonomously assumed by a person and not ordered or taken away through substitution by a superior authority.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> Excellent post -- Rahael, 05:29:22 10/21/03 Tue


[> [> [> [> [> [> [> Well said! -- Caroline, 11:29:30 10/22/03 Wed

and I think that you show that Buffy has moved to a new place morally from S5 to S7, which I was trying to say (very badly) above. Many thanks for an excellent post!

[> [> [> [> [> isolation -- sdev, 16:44:29 10/18/03 Sat

I can't help but metanarrate here:

Here I am practically alone, with a different POV, pitting myself against the apocalyptic force of disagreeing voices trying to defend my thesis against seemingly insurmountable opponents when all I want to do is watch the Yankees in the World Series.

[> [> [> [> [> [> well, that explains it -- manwitch, 21:27:31 10/18/03 Sat

I lived in Boston for 15 years. And the north side of Chicago for twenty years before that.

I don't want you to watch this world series.

But best of luck to your Yankees.

[> [> [> [> [> [> [> exactly -- mamcu, 19:23:13 10/19/03 Sun

Cub fan for far too many years. I know what evil is.

[> [> [> [> Re: Buffy is us -- jane, 17:14:48 10/18/03 Sat

Really agree with this. I too saw the message to Wood as being that of "your mother made choices that affected your life, but those choices were not about you, exactly. She had other responsibilities that she could not deny. So stop being stuck, deal with it and move on."
I like Joss's quote about families. I love my family, but I am closer to some of my friends than to my sisters. They are my family too. I think part of the message of Buffy is that you can make your own choices about who your family is, above and beyond blood ties.
Well said, Sophist and Manwitch. Very interesting posts.


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